特朗普政府以来美国外资安全审查制度的变化及中国对策  

Changes in the U.S.Foreign Investment Security Review System Since Trump Government and China's Response

作　　者：李仁真[1] 包蓉 LI Renzhen;BAO Rong(Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《边界与海洋研究》2021年第2期81-93,共13页Journal of Boundary and Ocean Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目“国际金融法律秩序变革研究”(项目编号:11JJD820009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：特朗普时期以来美国的外资安全审查制度出现一些变化,包括出台《外国投资风险评估现代化法》和颁布行政命令,扩大外国投资委员会(CFIUS)的管辖范围和权限,加大对“外国对手”在关键领域投资的管控力度。其特点有三:一是审查重点从传统的国防军事安全向网络信息安全延伸;二是审查阶段从外资准入向外资企业运营扩展;三是制度定位从国家安全工具向国际政治格局工具转变,且对中国企业指向性明显。究其原因,主要是中国经济及技术实力的迅猛发展引起美国对自身霸权和技术优势地位的担忧。在中美战略竞争的背景下,拜登政府还会继续加大对中国企业在美投资的安全审查力度。作为应对,中国政府应加强与美方对话与沟通、推动国内相关制度完善、必要时对美采取反制措施;中国企业应提前做好风险预案、积极采取缓解措施、在权益受损时重视司法维权。Since the Trump era, the U.S. foreign investment security review system has undergone some changes, including the introduction of the "Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act" and the issuance of executive orders to expand the jurisdiction and authority of the CFIUS,increasing the control of "foreign adversaries" in the key areas of investment. There are three characteristics of its changes: first, the focus of the review extends from the traditional defense and military security to network information security;second, the review stage of the review extends from the access stage to the operation stage;third, the positioning of the system changes from a national security tool to a tool of the international political landscape, and is clearly directed at Chinese companies. The reason for this is that the rapid development of China’s economic and technological strength has caused the U.S. to worry about its own hegemony and technological dominance. In the context of the strategic competition between the U.S. and China, the Biden administration will continue to increase its security scrutiny of Chinese corporate investments. In response, the Chinese government should strengthen dialogue and consultation with the U.S.,promote the improvement of relevant domestic systems, and take countermeasures against the U.S. if necessary;Chinese enterprises should prepare risk plans in advance, actively take mitigation measures, and pay attention to judicial defense when their rights and interests are damaged.

关 键 词：美国外资法 外国投资风险 国家安全审查 网络信息安全 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.29