机械施肥对胡椒光合特性及产量的影响  

Effect of Mechanical Fertilization on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Piper Nigrum L.

作　　者：赵正杰 祖超[2] 李志刚[2] 王灿[2] 张大英 骆翼文 何倩 马楠 郑维全[2] 邬华松[2] 杨建峰[2] ZHAO Zhengjie;ZU Chao;LI Zhigang;WANG Can;ZHANG Daying;LUO Yiwen;HE Qian;MA Nan;ZHENG Weiquan;WU Huasong;Yang Jianfeng(College of Horticulture,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,Hainan;Spice and Beverage Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afiairs/Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops/Hainan Zhan Fusuo Academician Team Innovation Center,Warming 571533,Hainan;Yunnan Agricultural University,Pu'er 665000,Yunnan)

机构地区：[1]海南大学园艺学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室/海南省张福锁院士团队创新中心,海南万宁571533 [3]云南农业大学,云南普洱665000

出　　处：《中国热带农业》2021年第2期65-71,共7页China Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1001200);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金项目(1630142017012)。

摘　　要：以主栽品种热引1号胡椒为研究对象,设5个处理,分别为宽窄行种植模式下机翻施肥、粉垄施肥、人工深翻施肥、免耕、常规种植施肥,测定胡椒主要生育期光合参数及产量性状,探讨机械施肥对胡椒光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明:各种植模式翻土施肥单产高于免耕;各施肥方式下单产表现为粉垄>机翻>常规种植>人工>免耕;各生育期不同施肥方式下的净光合速率表现为粉垄>机翻>人工>免耕。通过净光合速率与产量的相关性分析得出净光合速率与产量呈正相关,进一步研究不同施肥方式对胡椒不同生育期净光合速率与产量的逐步回归分析发现,灌浆期净光合速率因子入选各个施肥处理,且对产量的回归系数呈正值,而主花期净光合速率仅在粉垄处理下入选回归方程且对产量的回归系数为正值。因此,主花期净光合速率是影响粉垄产量的关键因子,说明粉垄提高了主花期净光合速率而实现增产。In this study,Piper nigrum L.cv.Reyin No.1 was taken as the research object,and mechanical deep tillage fertilization(smash-ridge,mechanical tillage)under the planting mode of wide and narrow rows,artificial deep tillage fertilization,no-tillage,conventional planting were taken as five treatments.The photosynthetic parameters and yield traits of Piper nigrum L.during the main growth stage were determined,and the effects of mechanical fertilization on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield traits of Piper nigrum L.were explored in this study.The results showed that the per unit yield under each tilling fertilization planting pattern was higher than that of no-tillage;the per unit yield under each fertilization method from high to low was as follows:smash-ridge>mechanical tillage>conventional planting>artificial fertilization>no-tillage;the net photosynthetic rate under different fertilization methods in each growth stage from high to low was as follows:smash-ridge>machine tillage>conventional planting>artificial fertilization>no-tillage.Through the correlation analysis between net photosynthetic rate and yield,the net photosynthetic rate was positively correlated with the yield.The stepwise regression analysis of different fertilization methods on the net photosynthetic rate and yield of Piper nigrum L.in different growth stages was further studied.It was found that the net photosynthesis rate factor at grain-filling stage was selected into each treatment,and the yield increased with it.While the net photosynthesis rate at main flowering stage was selected into the regression equation only under the smash-ridge treatment,and the regression coefficient to the yield was positive,so the net photosynthesis rate at main flowering stage was the key factor affecting the yield under the smash-ridge.It indicated that the net photosynthetic rate was increased by the smash-ridge treatment and the yield was increased.

关 键 词：胡椒 机械施肥 净光合速率 产量 粉垄 

分 类 号：S573.9[农业科学—作物学]