黄土丘陵区小流域坝地沉积泥沙颗粒分布特征  

Profile Characteristics of Sediment Particle Size at Check Dam in Small Watershed of Loess Hilly Area

作　　者：申震洲[1] 亢晨波 张宁宁 刘普灵[3] SHEN Zhenzhou;KANG Chenbo;ZHANG Ningning;LIU Puling(Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Loss Process and Control on the Loess Plateau,Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Ministry of Water Resources,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Shanbei Mining Area,College of Life Science,Yulin University,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控制重点实验室,郑州450003 [2]榆林学院陕西省陕北矿区生态修复重点实验室,陕西榆林719000 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2021年第3期1-6,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控制重点实验室开放项目“黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区典型小流域泥沙来源研究(201804)”;陕西省教育厅项目“基于复合指纹识别技术的黄土高原典型小流域泥沙来源研究(19JK1000)”;陕西省陕北矿区生态修复实验室开放基金“陕北矿区排土场边坡植被复垦对其土壤重构的空间调控(KFXM201807)”;国家自然科学基金面上项目“黄土丘陵区近十年来典型流域侵蚀环境演变的泥沙响应(41371281)”。

摘　　要：探讨黄土丘陵区新的侵蚀环境背景下小流域侵蚀泥沙的再分布特征,为开展和研究小流域土壤侵蚀及产沙过程提供理论依据。以黄土丘陵区典型淤地坝为研究对象,基于分形理论,通过分析淤地坝沉积泥沙垂直剖面的泥沙粒径组成变化及分形特征,研究了小流域坝前沉积泥沙再分布特征。结果显示:小流域坝地沉积泥沙剖面粒径由上到下依次呈现细—粗的周期分布规律,粗细分布的厚度差异较大,但整体上沉积层厚度随着沉积时间显著降低;沉积泥沙粒径以粗粉粒为主,平均百分含量为51.73%,且坝地剖面各分层的分形维数分布范围介于2.60~2.78;沉积泥沙粗化度变化范围介于0.04~0.37,平均值为0.16。研究表明随着退耕时间的增加,小流域沉积泥沙厚度显著降低,侵蚀泥沙的细颗粒物质含量增加。In order to provide the theoretical basis for the study of soil erosion and sediment yield in small watershed, the characteristics of sediment redistribution under the new erosion background were discussed. In this paper, special dam on the loess hilly area was taken as an example, the fractal dimension was applied to analyze the variation of grain size composition and fractal characteristics of sediment, and study the characteristics of sediment redistribution. The results show that: from top to bottom, the grain size of sediment profile in small watershed presents the periodic distribution law of fine-coarse, and the thickness of sediment layer varies greatly and decreases with the deposition time;the silt is the main coarse particle size, average percentage content of coarse particle is 51.73%;the fractal dimension distribution of each layer in the section of the dam is between 2.60 and 2.78;the coarseness of sediment varies from 0.04 to 0.37 with an average value of 0.16. The sediment thickness decreases and the amount of fine particulate matter in sediment increases in small watershed with the deposition time.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 粒径组成 分形理论 淤地坝 沉积旋回 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]