长期施肥对红壤稻田剖面土壤碳氮累积的影响  

Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Accumulation of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Reddish Paddy Soil Profiles

作　　者：陈春兰[1,2] 陈安磊[1,2] 魏文学[1,2] 张文钊[1,2] 傅心赣[1,2] 周华军 秦红灵 CHEN Chunlan;CHEN Anlei;WEI Wenxue;ZHANG Wenzhao;FU Xingan;ZHOU Huajun;QIN Hongling(Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;Taoyuan Agro-ecosystem Research Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Taoyuan,Hunan 415700,China;Shuangxikou Station of Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Taoyuan,Hunan 415700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,长沙410125 [2]中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站,湖南桃源415700 [3]桃源县农业技术推广中心双溪口站,湖南桃源415700

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2021年第2期14-20,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200307,2017YFD0301504);中国科学院CERN野外台站研究项目“桃源农业生态试验站长期监测研究”;科技部国家生态系统观测研究网络运行服务项目“桃源站观测研究及数据信息系统建设Ⅱ”。

摘　　要：为了研究长期施肥对红壤稻田剖面土壤碳氮累积的影响,基于中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)桃源农业生态试验站网络监测数据,分析了不施肥(CK)、高量氮磷钾肥(NPK)、减量化肥加秸秆还田优化施肥(OF)对红壤水稻土剖面有机碳、全氮含量及其储量的影响。结果表明:(1)OF处理土壤碳氮含量及其储量随着土层深度的增加呈显著下降趋势(p<0.05)。(2)11 a施肥后,各处理表层(0-20 cm)土壤有机碳含量及碳储量差异显著,且OF>NPK>CK;表层全氮含量及氮储量在NPK与OF处理中无显著差异;40-80 cm土壤氮储量NPK处理显著大于OF处理。(3)各处理0-80 cm土体总有机碳储量差异不显著,NPK处理全氮储量显著大于OF处理。(4)与试验初期相比,各处理在20-40 cm土层,各指标含量增加幅度最大。(5)0-80 cm土体中,有机碳和全氮储量存在极显著正相关关系(y=11.644 x-0.8737,R^(2)=0.9759)。综上所述,红壤稻田土壤有机碳、全氮及碳氮储量对长期不同施肥措施的响应在表层更灵敏;在20-40 cm土层碳氮累积速率最大,并有向深层累积的趋势;OF处理更显著增加表层土壤有机碳氮储量,而NPK处理对深层土壤碳氮储量增加较多。因此,长期高量化肥使用增加了氮素向土壤深处迁移的风险,减量施肥配以秸秆还田措施对保持红壤水稻土碳氮可持续变化更有利。In order to study the effects of long-term fertilization on soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation in red paddy profiles,the data of a long-term positioning experiment were analyzed.The fertilization experiment was stated in 2004,including three treatments:CK(non-fertilizer),NPK(N,P,and K fertilizer application),and OF(reduced NPK fertilizer with rice straw application),according to the requirements of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network(CERN).The results showed that:(1)the contents and reserves of soil carbon,nitrogen significantly decreased along the depth of soil layer in OF treatment(0-80 cm,p<0.05);(2)after 11 years of fertilization,SOC and carbon reserve in 0-20 cm were significantly different among three treatments,which followed the order:OF>NPK>CK;TN and nitrogen reserve in 0-20 cm were not significantly different between the treatments of NPK and OF,while the nitrogen reserve in the treatment of NPK was more than that in the treatment of OF in 40-80 cm;(3)there were no significant differences of carbon storage in the 0-80 cm soil layers,while the nitrogen storage in 0-80 cm in the treatment of NPK were significantly higher than that in the treatments of OF and CK;(4)compared to the beginning of the experiment,the increment of contents and reserves of soil carbon,nitrogen in 20-40 cm were the most among the other soil layers;(5)there was positive relationship between SOC and nitrogen reserve in 0-80 cm(y=11.644 x-0.8737,R^(2)=0.9759).Totally,the responses of contents and reserves of soil carbon,nitrogen in red soil paddy fields to long-term fertilization were more sensitive in surface layer than that in deep soil.The treatment of OF significantly increased the reserves of soil carbon,nitrogen in the surface soil,while the treatment of NPK increased those in the deep soil.Therefore,long-term fertilization with high amount of chemical fertilizer may increase the risk of nitrogen migration to the deep soil,while the reduced chemical fertilizer combined with straw returning can be more beneficial to maintainin

关 键 词：长期施肥 秸秆还田 土壤剖面 碳氮储量 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学] S153.5[农业科学—农业基础科学]