宁夏清水河流域近60年降水量及入黄沙量变化  

Change of Precipitation and Sediment of Qingshui River Basin of Ningxia in Recent 60 Years

作　　者：李颖曼 焦鹏[2] 张晓华[2] 杨吉山[2] 卫午毓 LI Yingman;JIAO Peng;ZHANG Xiaohua;YANG Jishan;WEI Wuyu(Ningxia Daliushu Project Preparatory Work Office,Yinchuan 750001,China;Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Loss Process and Control on the Loess Plateau of MWR,Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China;College of Surveying and Geoinformatics,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450045,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大柳树水利枢纽工程前期工作办公室,银川750001 [2]黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控制重点实验室,郑州450003 [3]华北水利水电大学测绘与地理信息学院,郑州450045

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2021年第2期184-189,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402408);黄河水利科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2018-09);水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控制重点实验室开放课题(201601)。

摘　　要：为了揭示黄河上游水沙变化成因,根据清水河流域的降雨、径流、输沙等实测资料,采用Mann-Kendall趋势及突变检验、“水文法”、“水保法”等方法,分析了不同时段降雨特征值及入黄沙量的变化情况及沙量变化成因。结果表明:1958-2015年,年雨量、汛期雨量、主汛期雨量未发生显著变化及突变;流域控制站泉眼山的多年平均沙量为0.248亿t,1990-1999年来沙量最大,2010-2015年来沙显著减少;流域人类活动减沙量随时间呈先减小后增大的趋势,主要与下垫面的水利水保工程建设及流域坡面治理密切相关;2000年以来,流域水土保持坡面措施及淤地坝数量大幅增加,减沙效益日益显著,其中2010-2015年流域面上的水土保持措施减沙量为733万t,减沙贡献率达12%。清水河近期入黄沙量减少的主要原因是人类活动导致的下垫面变化,流域自2000年起逐步加大水土流失治理力度,2010年以来减沙效益显著增加。In order to reveal the causes of changes in runoff and sediment in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,according to the measured data such as rainfall,runoff and sediment in the Qingshui River Basin,Mann-Kendall trend and mutation test,hydrological method and water conservation method were used to analyze the characteristic values of rainfall and the amounts of sediment in different periods.The results show that there were no significant change and sudden change in annual rainfall,flood season and main flood season from 1958 to 2015;the average annual amount of sediment in Quanyan Mountain as a watershed control station was 0.0248 billion tons,and the largest amount of sediment yielded during the period 1990-1999,the sediment decreased significantly during the period 2010-2015;the decrease of sediment caused by human activities in the basin decreased first and then increased with time,which was mainly related to the construction of water conservancy project and warp land dam on the underlying surface and the management of soil and water conservation on watershed slopes;since 2000,the amount of soil and water conservation measures on slopes and silt dam of the basin had increased substantially,and the benefits of sediment reduction had become increasingly significant;the amount of sediment reduction by soil and water conservation measures on slopes of the basin during the period 2010-2015 was 7.33 million tons,and the contribution rate of sediment reduction was 12%.The main reason for the recent decrease in the amount of sediment entering the Yellow River by the Qingshui River is the change of the underlying surface caused by human activities.The control of soil erosion has been gradually enhanced since 2000,and the sediment has decreased significantly since 2010.

关 键 词：清水河 降雨 入黄沙量 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]