书画修复中可替代明矾的施胶沉淀剂筛选研究  

Study of substitute materials for the sizing precipitant,alum,in the restoration of calligraphy and painting

作　　者：何秋菊[1] 王丽琴[2] 王菊琳[3] 许昆 HE Qiuju;WANG Liqin;WANG Julin;XU Kun(Key Laboratory of Beijing Cultural Relics and Museums Sci-tec Protection Research and Application(Capital Museum),Beijing 100045,China;Key Laboratory of Culture Heritage Research and Conservation(Northwest University),Ministry of Education,Xi’an 710069,China;Key Research Base for Evaluation of Science and Technology Research in Cultural Relics Protection Field(Beijing University of Chemical Technology),State Administration for Cultural Heritage,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]“北京文博文物科技保护研究与运用”北京市重点实验室(首都博物馆),北京100045 [2]文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室(西北大学),陕西西安710069 [3]文物保护领域科技评价研究国家文物局重点科研基地(北京化工大学),北京100029

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2021年第2期41-51,共11页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：北京市科委课题资助(Z161100002416020);陕西省重点产业创新链(群)项目资助(019ZDLSF07-05)。

摘　　要：明矾是我国传统书画修复装裱中一种极其重要的材料,但明矾水解析出酸,会促使纸张纤维素发生酸性水解。研究对比了明矾和水解后具有高阳离子电荷的6种沉淀剂对宣纸施胶前后的pH值、疏水性、色差、力学性能变化和对国画颜料的固色效果,利用扫描电镜(SEM)和衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)测试宣纸施胶后的化学键合状况(包括沉淀剂与胶料、纤维),结合高场^(27)Al核磁共振波谱(^(27)Al-NMR)测试了纸张施胶中铝盐沉淀剂的水解聚合形态,及其与胶料混合后对宣纸表面化学形态变化的影响。结果表明,白色聚合氯化铝(PAC)施胶宣纸pH值可达到7以上,作为沉淀剂的施胶液处理后的宣纸具有一定的疏水性,湿热老化过程中具有较高的耐折度和抗张强度,色差变化小,对颜料固色效果好。SEM分析表明,白色PAC可使胶料分布较均匀,能在一定程度上包覆、填充宣纸纤维和孔隙。^(27)Al-NMR、ATR-FTIR及固化性能分析表明,PAC多核铝[AlO_(4)Al_(12)(OH)_(24)(H_(2)O)12]^(7+)(Al_(13))含量相对较高,对明胶也具有促干剂作用,可和胶料产生键合,形成网状络合物,适合替代明矾作为施胶沉淀剂。Alum is one of the most important materials in the restoration of calligraphy and paintings.However,easy hydrolysis of alum produces acid at high humidity,which can accelerate the hydrolysis and aging of paper cellulose.The pH value,hydrophobicity,color difference and mechanical properties of Xuan paper and color fixing before and after sizing with alum as well as six precipitants with high cationic charges(after hydrolysis)were studied.The surface condition after sizing,including the chemical bonding of precipitants with gelatin and fibers,were tested by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)spectrometry.Also,the species distribution of precipitants after hydrolysis,mixing with glue and sizing on the surface of Xuan paper were studied using high-field 27 Al-nuclear magnetic resonance(^(27)Al-NMR)spectrometry.The results show that the pH value of Xuan paper sized by white polyaluminium chloride(PAC)could reach over 7 and the sizing material improved the hydrophobic property and mechanical strength of the paper and made pigments that have good color and no shading.SEM analysis shows that white PAC could cover and fill fibers and pores of Xuan paper uniformly.^(27)Al-NMR,ATR-FTIR and a curing test show that the content of[AlO_(4)Al_(12)(OH)_(24)(H_(2)O)12]^(7+)(Al_(13))in PAC was relatively higher,and it also had the effect of promoting the drying of gelatin.It could be bonded with gelatin to form a network complex,which was suitable to replace alum as a sizing precipitant.

关 键 词：书画 修复 明矾 施胶沉淀剂 聚合氯化铝 

分 类 号：K876.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]