馆藏文物描述元数据方案探讨  

Discussion of the descriptive metadata schema for museum objects

作　　者：黄明玉[1] HUANG Mingyu(University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学,北京100083

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2021年第2期98-104,共7页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(2019YFC1521202),国家科技支撑计划资助(2014BAK07B02)。

摘　　要：信息社会中博物馆的知识传播职能从被动转向主动,博物馆采用信息技术管理藏品和相关数据,不仅要满足传统业务需求,也要面向网络环境中的使用者。在此过程中,文物藏品信息在互联网环境下的呈现,需要采用标准化的描述元数据方案和受控词汇描述文物的核心信息。该研究首先说明文物数据标准的定义与类型,阐述文物描述元数据的概念与作用,并对比CONA、CDWA Lite、Object ID和第一次全国可移动文物普查的描述元数据方案,说明元数据方案差异反映出的设计需求和结果差异;再进一步对比大英博物馆、大都会博物馆、北京故宫博物院、台北故宫博物院线上文物藏品检索方式,通过检视其检索结果的信息结构与内容,阐述合理的描述元数据方案能呈现丰富信息并导向精准检索。最后建议我国文物博物馆领域应完善文物数据标准,文博机构应制定规范化的文物描述元数据方案和配套实施的编目规则与本地受控词表;文博机构官网在线藏品检索系统应考虑用户需求,呈现完善的编目成果。In the information society,museums have an active responsibility to share knowledge with the public.Museums use information technology to manage collections and related data to meet the needs of both daily business and users in the web environment.Presenting information about cultural objects in the Internet environment requires standardized metadata schemas and controlled vocabularies to describe the core information of objects.This study illustrates the definitions and types of data standards,and explains the concept and function of descriptive metadata for cultural objects.The author compared the metadata schemas of CONA,CDWA Lite,Object ID and the first National Movable Cultural Objects Survey to show how different metadata schemas influence the retrieval results.Another comparison was based on the online collection retrieval mechanism of four museums.The retrieval results also indicated that reasonable metadata structure and indexing with controlled vocabularies are critical for accurate searches.Finally,it is recommended that any local museum’s information system should formulate standardized descriptive metadata schemas for cultural objects with supporting cataloguing rules and locally controlled vocabularies,and that the online collection retrieval should consider users’needs and present complete cataloguing results.

关 键 词：博物馆 文物编目 描述元数据 元数据方案 受控词汇 藏品信息 开放获取 

分 类 号：K85[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] G26[历史地理—历史学]