粉垄耕作对甘蔗光合生理特性及产量品质的影响  

Effects of Fenlong Tillage on Photosynthetic and Physiological Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Sugarcane(Saccharumofficinarum)

作　　者：李素丽[1] 黄金玲[1] 韦本辉[2] 梁晓莹 陆睿杰 王令强 李志刚[1] LI Suli;HUANG Jinling;WEI Benhui;LIANG Xiaoying;LU Ruijie;WANG Lingqiang;LI Zhigang(Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530004,China;Institute of Economy Crops,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学,广西南宁530004 [2]广西农业科学院经济作物研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2021年第3期726-731,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：广西创新驱动重大专项(No.AA17204037-4);国家自然科学基金项目(No.31871689,No.31460373)。

摘　　要：为了探明粉垄耕作下甘蔗光合生理特性与甘蔗高质高产的相关性,阐明粉垄条件下甘蔗光合生理特性的响应,以‘桂糖42号’为供试品种,设常规耕作(CK)和粉垄耕作(粉垄)共2个处理,采用田间随机区组设计,每个处理设3次重复。结果表明:甘蔗伸长期,粉垄甘蔗的叶绿素含量、苹果酸脱氢酶(NADP-MDH)活性、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)活性、核酮糖1,5-二磷酸羧化酶(RuBPC)活性分别比常规耕作甘蔗提高5.4%、18.6%、23.5%和30.9%,差异均达显著。此外,粉垄甘蔗的净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(Cond)、蒸腾速率(T_(r))在伸长期和成熟期也显著大于对照。粉垄耕作下甘蔗单茎重、茎长、茎径、有效茎与理论产量等农艺性状均达到显著差异,单茎重提高32.7%,茎长增加13.1%,茎径增加17.6%,有效茎数量提高5.3%,理论产量增加20741 kg/hm^(2);纯度、锤度、蔗汁糖分和甘蔗糖分等工艺品质也均达显著差异,分别提高5.2%、9.0%、14.5%和13.4%。粉垄耕作能提高甘蔗伸长期光合作用相关的酶活性、叶绿素含量和净光合速率等生理指标,提高了光合作用,促进甘蔗生长,提高甘蔗产量与品质。The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between sugarcane photosynthetic physiological characteristics and high quality and yield of sugarcane,and to explain the effect of Fenlong tillage(deep ploughing,crushing,furrowing)on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of sugarcane.Conventional tillage(CK)and Fenlong tillage(Fenlong)were used,and a field randomized block experiment design was adopted.At the elongation stage,the chlorophyll content,NADP malic acid dehydrogenase(NADP-MDH)activity,phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPC)activity and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase(RuBPC)activity in Fenlong were significantly higher than those in CK,and the enhancement was 5.4%,18.6%,23.5% and 30.9% respectively.In addition,the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the sugarcane under Fenlong tillage were significantly higher at the elongation and mature stages.Compared with conventional tillage,sugarcane single-stem weight,stem length,stem diameter,effective stalks and theoretical yield reached significant differences under Fenlong tillage.The single stem weight,stem length,stem diameter,effective stalks number,and theoretical yield increased by 32.7%,13.1%,17.6%,5.3%,20741 kg/hm^(2) respectively.The purity,brix,juice sugar content and the cane sugar content reached significant differences,increased by 5.2%,9.0%,14.5% and 13.4% respectively.Fenlong tillage could increase the enzyme activity related to photosynthesis,chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate and other physiological indicators of sugarcane.Thereby,Fenlong tillage could improve the photosynthesis,growth of sugarcane and finally increase the yield and quality.

关 键 词：粉垄耕作 甘蔗 光合作用 酶 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]