试论我国公共资源治理的制度供给改革——以农业生物遗传资源治理为例  

Reform of the Supply System of Public Resources Governance in China——Taking Agricultural Biological Genetic Resources as an Example

作　　者：邹婉侬 宋敏[1] ZOU Wannong;SONG Min(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2021年第4期11-19,共9页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71673276);国家转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2016ZX08010005)。

摘　　要：遗传资源是现代生物技术发展不可或缺的战略资源。近年来,我国农业遗传资源面临着生物多样性退化、生物海盗剽窃、育种材料奇缺、遗传资源开发程度低等现实问题。公共资源的公共性、稀缺性、非排他性、效用综合性等决定公共资源治理中的实时多元化制度需求,如果社会缺乏灵活高效的制度变迁机制,由此带来的有效制度供给不足,必然最终导致公共资源治理中的"公地悲剧"。借助制度供给的理论框架,以农业生物遗传资源为对象,分析了我国公共资源治理的制度供给现状和问题,剖析问题成因,提出健全制度变迁机制的对策建议。The genetic resources are indispensable and strategic in modern biotechnology research and development.In recent years,China s genetic resources in agriculture are faced with biodiversity degradation,biological piracy,breeding materials shortage,low level of genetic resources development and other practical problems.The publicity,scarcity,non-exclusiveness and utility integration of public resources determine the demand of real-time diversification system in public resources governance.If the society lacks flexible and efficient institutional change mechanism,the resulting shortage effective system will lead to the"commons tragedy"in public resources governance.With the help of the theoretical structure of institutional supply,and taking agricultural biological genetic resources as the object,this paper analyzed the status quo and problems of the system supply of public resources management in our country,and explored the causes of the problems,and put forward the countermeasure suggestions of perfecting the mechanism of institutional change.

关 键 词：公共资源治理 农业生物遗传资源 制度变迁 制度供给 

分 类 号：S32[农业科学—作物遗传育种]