生物菌肥与无机肥配施对藜麦农艺性状、产量性状及品质的影响  

Effects of combined application of bio-bacterial fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer on agronomic characters,yield,and quality in quinoa

作　　者：邓妍[1] 王娟玲 王创云 赵丽 张丽光[1] 郭虹霞 郭红霞[3] 秦丽霞 王美霞[1] DENG Yan;WANG Juan-Ling;WANG Chuang-Yun;ZHAO Li;ZHANG Li-Guang;GUO Hong-Xia;GUO Hong-Xia;QIN Li-Xia;WANG Mei-Xia(Agricultural College,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China;Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China;Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太原030031 [2]山西农业大学,山西太原030031 [3]山西大学,山西太原030031

出　　处：《作物学报》2021年第7期1383-1390,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：山西省农业科学院博士后专项(YCX2018D2BH2);山西省深度贫困县科技精准扶贫专项(2020FP-05);中国农业科学院科技创新工程协同创新项目(CAAS-XTCX20190025);山西农谷建设科研专项(SXNGJSKYZX201704)资助。

摘　　要：为探索适宜晋北地区推广应用的藜麦栽培管理模式,实现藜麦产量和品质提升,本试验选用当地自有品种华青1号,采用单因素完全随机设计,以有机肥和无机肥配施比例为变量,设常规施肥CK(有机肥0 kg hm^(-2),尿素和磷酸二胺各450 kg hm^(-2))、有机肥和无机肥配施比例T1(有机肥1500 kg hm^(-2),尿素和磷酸二胺各225 kg hm^(-2))、T2(有机肥2250 kg hm^(-2),尿素和磷酸二胺各225 kg hm^(-2))、T3(有机肥3000 kg hm^(-2),尿素和磷酸二胺各225 kg hm^(-2))4个处理,分析藜麦生育进程、农艺性状的差异,揭示藜麦产量和品质同步提升的农学性状,探求藜麦高产优质适宜的有机无机配施比例。结果表明,生物菌肥与无机肥配施可增加土壤表层有机质含量,降低碱解氮和有效磷含量及土壤pH,显著增加速效钾含量,且随生物菌肥施用量的增加,土壤中有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量提高,pH降低;与常规施肥CK相比,配施生物菌肥能够缩短藜麦生育期,提高成熟期藜麦株高、茎秆直径和茎秆强度,从而降低倒伏率;增加藜麦分枝数、千粒重,提高了产量;可增加蛋白质和脂肪含量,T2处理表现明显;降低淀粉含量,以T2处理最低,但与其他两处理间差异不显著;生物菌肥与无机肥配施可提高植株对肥料的利用,随生物菌肥施用量的增加,氮肥利用效率、磷肥利用效率及氮磷肥偏生产力先升后降,均以T2处理最高。相关分析结果表明,藜麦籽粒产量与千粒重的关系最密切,籽粒蛋白质含量与产量、千粒重、分枝数和茎秆强度也呈正相关,籽粒淀粉含量与千粒重呈负相关。因此,本试验条件下,晋北地区有机无机配施量为氮磷肥各225 kg hm^(-2)配施生物有机菌肥2250 kg hm^(-2)时利于藜麦实现产量品质同步提升。To explore the suitable cultivation and management model of quinoa in northern Shanxi province,and therefore improve the yield and quality of quinoa,an experiment was conducted with cultivar Huaqing 1 as plant material.The effects of varied proportion of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the growth process of quinoa,agronomic traits,yield,and quality were studied using single factor completely random design.There were three treatments including T1(1500 kg hm^(-2)organic fertilizer,225 kg hm^(-2)each for urea and diamine phosphate),T2(2250 kg hm^(-2)organic fertilizer,225 kg hm^(-2)each for urea and diamine phosphate),and T3(3000 kg hm^(-2)organic fertilizer,225 kg hm^(-2)each for urea and diamine phosphate),conventional fertilization(0 kg hm^(-2)organic fertilizer,450 kg hm^(-2)each for urea and diamine phosphate)was the control.The results showed that the combined biological bacterial fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer could increase the content of organic matter,available nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in soil,and decrease the pH of soil.Compared with CK,the combined biological fertilizer could effectively shorten the growth period,and increase plant height,stem diameter and stem strength at mature stage,thus reduce lodging rate.Also,combined biological fertilizer treatment promoted the branches and 1000-grain weight of quinoa,and improved quinoa yield,protein content and fat content,and the above favorite effects were obviously showed in T2 treatment.Starch content was the lowest in T2 treatment,but there was no significant differences among the three treatments.With the increase application of bacterial fertilizer,nitrogen use efficiency,phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency and partial productivity of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was firstly increased and then decreased.Among three groups,the above index was the highest in T2 treatment.Correlation analysis showed that the relationship between the yield and 1000-grain weight was the most correlated,and protein content in grains was positively corre

关 键 词：藜麦 生物菌肥 农艺性状 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S519[农业科学—作物学]