二氧化碳共聚物的序列结构控制及其结构与性能的关系  

Sequence structure control of CO_(2)-based copolymer and the relationship between structure and properties

作　　者：梁嘉欣 叶淑娴 王拴紧 肖敏 孟跃中 Jiaxin Liang;Shuxian Ye;Shuanjin Wang;Min Xiao;Yuezhong Meng(Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry&Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学材料科学与工程学院,广东省低碳化学与过程节能重点实验室,广州510275

出　　处：《科学通报》2021年第7期798-815,共18页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21376276)资助。

摘　　要：在二氧化碳基共聚物中,二氧化碳与环氧化物共聚得到的聚碳酸酯材料研究最为广泛.近几年不断升级的禁塑令迫切要求开发与应用生物可降解塑料,二氧化碳基聚碳酸酯材料由于其良好的生物降解性能而备受关注,但其热性能和力学性能尚未满足应用的需求.在此基础上,本文主要关注通过调控二氧化碳基聚碳酸酯的结构,包括调控聚碳酸酯的立体构型或引入第三单体如环氧化物、酸酐或者内酯进行共聚,来改变聚合物的性能.本文总结了二氧化碳共聚物的构型序列结构调控方法,通过典型示例介绍了不同聚碳酸酯的立构规整性的控制及其对热性能的影响.此外,还讨论了三元共聚物的合成方法以及不同序列结构如无规、嵌段、多嵌段以及交联结构对性能的影响,特别是聚合物的热性能、力学性能和降解性能.最后,对二氧化碳基共聚物的发展方向进行了展望.Carbon dioxide-based(CO_(2)-based) copolymer is an attractive environment-friendly material with excellent biodegradability and using non-toxic, abundant and cheap carbon dioxide gas as one of its raw materials. Since CO_(2) is generated as a waste gas in many economic activities leading to global warming, chemical fixation of CO_(2) can be a developing and effective mean to reduce evironmental and energy pressures. Among all the CO_(2)-based copolymers, the aliphatic polycarbonates obtained by the copolymerization of CO_(2) and epoxides are the most widely studied materials due to their excellent biocompatity, transparency as well as water and oxygen barrier properties, especially poly(propylene carbonate)(PPC). However, undesirable thermal and mechanical properties limit their practical applications. For examples, PPC has a low Tg(35–40°C) close to room temperature, which is easy to bond into blocks during long-term storage and transportation after granulation, leading to the difficulty in subsequent processing. Much efforts have been devoted to tailor the structures of CO_(2)-based polycarbonates to obtain desirable peoperties profile. A feasible approach is to control the configurations of synthesized polycarbonates, which can greatly improve the thermal peoperties. Another effective way is to inrtoduce a third monomer into the CO_(2)/epoxides copolymerization to endow copolymers with tunable properties by easily changing the monomers and controlling polymer units. Herein, this article summarizes the methods for controlling the sequence structure of CO_(2)-based copolymers. Four kinds of CO_(2)-based copolymers are included:(1) Fully alternating polycarbonates with regio-and stereo-chemistry configurations. In this part, the efforts on the stereochemistry control of polycarbonates are highlighted and the crystallinity of polycarbonates are emphatically introduced. Isotactic polycarbonates have the higher glass transition temperature than the amorphous one and some of them are crystalline. Even though no cy

关 键 词：二氧化碳 序列结构 聚碳酸酯 酸酐 二氧化碳共聚物 生物降解塑料 

分 类 号：TQ323.41[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业] X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]