省级人大常委会参与合宪性审查的空间和机制  

The Space and Mechanism for the Standing Committee of Provincial People’s Congress to Participate in the Review of Constitutionality

作　　者：魏增产[1] 邓翔宇 Wei Zeng-chan;Deng Xiang-yu(School of Humanity and Law,Beijing University of Science and Technology,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学文法学院,北京100083

出　　处：《政法学刊》2021年第1期23-32,共10页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目“新时代科学基金党风廉政建设与廉政风险防控体系构建(L1824051)”。

摘　　要：省级人大常委会参与合宪性审查,对推进我国合宪性审查工作体系化具有重要作用。自地方扩容立法以来,地方立法主体"数量多、能力低"的现状、地方立法的本土化趋向和宪法变迁共同增加了地方规范性文件的违反宪性风险。而现有的规范性文件备案审查制度因其固有体系缺陷,不足以促进合宪性审查的有效实现。在实定法层面,《宪法》《立法法》等相关法律为省级人大常委会参与合宪性审查提供了制度空间;在理论层面,对地方人大监督宪法制度的学说探讨有力支撑着省级人大常委会参与合宪性审查的展开。在比较法层面,美、日、德、法等国的合宪性审查制度体系亦成为我国省级人大常委会参与合宪性审查的域外立法参考。省级人大常委会参与合宪性审查应以《立法法》第九十九条的审查要求权为核心,嵌入筛查机制进行合宪性预审,最终确立省级人大常委会的审查原则、明晰地方规范性文件的审查范围、注重与全国人大常委会的衔接协作"三位一体"的机制构建。The participation of the standing committee of the Provincial People’s Congress in the review of constitutionality plays an important role in promoting the systematization of the review of constitutionality in China.Since the expansion of local legislation,the status quo of a"large number of subjects with low capacity",the trend towards localization of local legislation and China’s constitutional reform have become more important.Together,the changes increase the risk of constitutionality of local regulatory documents.The existing system for reviewing the record of normative documents is not sufficient to facilitate the effective review of constitutionality due to its inherent system deficiencies.At the level of substantive law,the Constitution,the Legislative Law and other relevant laws provide a system for provincial NPC Standing Committees to participate in the review of constitutionality.At the theoretical level,the doctrinal discussion on the supervision of the constitutional system by local people’s congresses strongly supports the participation of provincial people’s congress standing committees in the constitutional review of the unfolding.At the level of comparative law,the United States,Japan,Germany,France and other countries of the constitutionality of the review system has also become China’s provincial people’s congress standing committee to participate in the constitutional Extraterritorial legislative reference for review.The standing Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress should take the examination requirement of Article 99 of the legislation Law as the core,embed the screening mechanism to conduct the constitutional pre-examination,and finally establish the examination principle of the standing committee of the Provincial People’s Congress,clarify the scope of the examination of local normative documents,and pay attention to the construction of the"trinity"mechanism of convergence and cooperation with the standing committee of the National People’s Congress.

关 键 词：地方规范性文件 省级人大常委会 合宪性审查 宪法监督 审查要求权 

分 类 号：D921.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]