基于DRAINMOD模型的不同灌排模式稻田水氮运移模拟  

Using DRAINMOD to Simulate the Impact of Irrigation and Drainage on Reaction and Movement of Water and Nitrogen in Paddy Field

作　　者：谢阳村 徐敏 高世凯 沈连起 XIE Yangcun;XU Min;GAO Shikai;Shen Lianqi(Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning,Beijing 100000,China;North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,School of Water Conservancy,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Shouguang Water Conservancy,Shouguang 262700,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部环境规划院,北京100000 [2]华北水利水电大学水利学院,郑州450046 [3]寿光市水利局,山东寿光262700

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2021年第4期37-44,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07111003);国家自然科学基金项目(51879074)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同灌排模式稻田水氮动态变化,为南方稻作区节水减排提供科学依据。【方法】基于实测的田间灌排水量及氮素变化数据,采用Morris方法检测DRAINMOD模型水氮运移相关参数的灵敏度,并利用DRAINMOD模型对传统灌排模式和控制灌排模式下稻田水氮动态进行模拟。【结果】20~40 cm土层侧向饱和导水率对稻田水分运移模拟结果影响最大,弥散系数、反硝化参数、硝化反应参数、有机质适宜分解温度对稻田氮素运移模拟结果影响较大;DRAINMOD模型能够较好地模拟不同灌排模式稻田水氮动态变化、灌排水量、氮素径流总负荷模拟值与实际值差别小于11%;与传统灌排模式相比,控制灌排模式排水量减少33.0%~72.6%,灌水量减少9.7%~37.1%,铵态氮径流负荷减少43.6%~45.0%,硝态氮径流负荷分别减少29.8%~53.1%。【结论】控制灌排模式稻田节水减排效果较好,利用DRAINMOD模型进行不同灌排模式稻田水氮动态模拟可行有效。【Background】Nonpoint source pollution from managed ecosystems is a major environmental concern in many countries.Using models to simulate contaminant movement in agricultural systems under different managements can help improve water management and reduce nitrogen loss.【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to study the movement and reaction of water and nitrogen in paddy field under different irrigation and drainage,with a view to improve water conservation and reduce gas emission from rice production in southern China.【Method】We used the DRAINMOD model to simulate water flow and nitrogen transport;the sensitivity of the simulated results to its parameters was quantified using the Morris analysis.【Result】Horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivity in the 20~40 cm soil layer affected the simulation results most;diffusion coefficient,denitrification and nitrification parameters,decomposition of soil organic matter all had a significant impact on the simulated nitrogen dynamics.The DRAINMOD model was able to simulate water and nitrogen dynamics in soil under different irrigations and drainages,and the difference between the simulated and measured drainage and irrigation amounts and the total load of nitrogen runoff was less than 11%.Compared with traditional irrigation and drainage,controlled irrigation and drainage reduced drainage amount by 33.0%~72.6%,irrigation amount by 9.7%~37.1%,ammonium runoff load by 43.6%~45.0%,and nitrate runoff load by 29.8%~53.1%.【Conclusion】Controlled irrigation and drainage can effectively reduce gas emission,drainage and nitrogen loss from the paddy field,and the DRAINMOD model is able to simulate water flow and contaminant transport in paddy fields under different irrigation and drainage managements.

关 键 词：水稻 水氮动态 DRAINMOD模型 灵敏度 控制灌排 

分 类 号：S276.7[农业科学—农业水土工程] S143.1[农业科学—农业工程]