东北虎豹国家公园黑龙江东宁片区人兽冲突现状调查分析  

Human-Wildlife Conflict in Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park(Pilot Area in Heilongjiang Dongning)

作　　者：田晔 程鲲[1] 潘鸿茹 王雅玲[1] 郑骄阳[1] 邹红菲[1] TIAN Ye;CHENG Kun;PAN Hongru;WANG Yaling;ZHENG Jiaoyang;ZOU Hongfei(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2021年第2期487-492,共6页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

摘　　要：针对人兽冲突现状、补偿情况、野生动物保护态度等问题,通过入户访谈、调查问卷的方式对东北虎豹国家公园东宁片区两个乡镇5个村屯的居民进行了调查。结果显示,发生冲突率47.28%,人兽冲突形式有粮食减产、捕食家畜和人身伤害,造成损害的野生动物物种主要包括野猪、黑熊、东北虎、东北豹、马鹿和狍。造成的平均经济损失为8796.9元/年,其中农牧业损失最大,为10373.3元/年。但大部分野生动物损害未能得到补偿,仅1户得到了1000元的补偿款。人兽冲突的预防和缓解措施包括:规范当地居民的生产生活行为,禁止非法狩猎、在禁牧区放牧等活动;对东北虎及其他重点保护野生动物造成的损害采取经济补偿办法,建立东北虎损害保险制度;加强宣传,提高居民对东北虎等野生动物的保护意愿。We studied the current situation of human-wildlife conflict,the status of damage compensation,and villager attitudes toward wildlife protection.We surveyed residents of two townships and five villages in Dongning District of Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park by means of household interview and questionnaire.Forty-seven percent of households reported human-wildlife conflicts in the form of crop reduction,predation of livestock and personal injury.Wildlife species causing damage mainly were wild boar,Asian black bear,Amur tiger,Amur leopard,red deer and roe deer.The average economic loss was 8,797 yuan/year,with highest loss of 10,373 yuan/year in agriculture and animal husbandry.Most wildlife damage was not compensated,with only one household receiving compensation of RMB 1,000.We recommend prevention and mitigation measures for human-wildlife conflict including:regulating the production and living behavior of local residents,banning illegal hunting,banning grazing in protected pastoral areas,implementing economic compensation for damage caused by Amur tiger and other protected wildlife,establishment of Amur Tiger Damage Insurance System,strengthening conservation education,and increasing villager willingness to protect wild animals such as Amur tiger.

关 键 词：东北虎豹国家公园 东宁片区 人兽冲突 补偿意愿 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]