含尘含油高温热解煤气除尘技术研究进展  

Advances on dust removal technology of high temperature pyrolysis of coal gas containing dust and oil

作　　者：杨帅强 都林[1] 李松庚[1,2] 宋文立 YANG Shuaiqiang;DU Lin;LI Songgeng;SONG Wenli(State Key Lab of Multi-phase Complex Systems,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Chemical Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Sino-Danish College,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院过程工程研究所多相复杂系统国家重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学化学工程学院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院大学中丹学院,北京100049

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2021年第1期193-201,共9页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFB0605003)。

摘　　要：高温热解气除尘问题是影响煤热解技术实现规模化应用的重要问题之一。针对高温热解煤气所携带粉尘的特点,分析了含尘含油热解气高温除尘技术的研究进展,论述了高温热解气除尘技术的特点,根据含尘热解气高温除尘技术的特点提出了热解气除尘技术未来的研究方向。高温含尘热解气具有组成复杂、对温度敏感、重质组分容易冷凝、粉尘粒径小、分离难度大等特点。旋风分离器用于高温热解气除尘,对于粒径大于10μm的粗粉尘除尘效率较高,一般用作高温热解气除尘的预分离器。静电除尘技术、金属微孔过滤除尘技术(金属膜除尘技术)和颗粒床除尘技术对高温含尘热解气中粒径较小的粉尘除尘效率较高,适合进行精细除尘。现有热解气除尘技术试验结果表明,过滤温度过低,焦油容易冷凝,造成油气收率下降,温度过高,热解气二次反应加剧导致过滤过程积碳严重,影响除尘器运行周期。高温含尘热解气的除尘效率方面,金属微孔除尘技术的过滤效率最高,过滤效率大于99%,颗粒床除尘器用于高温热解气除尘的过滤效率大于90%,受温度影响,温度高于400℃的条件下,静电除尘器的过滤效率一般低于90%。在相同过滤时间内,金属微孔过滤技术的过滤压降最高,静电除尘器压降最低,颗粒床过滤器的压降介于两者之间。静电除尘技术具有压降低、除尘效率低的"双低"特点,因此,在工艺条件优化的基础上,开发新型电极材料成为其发展方向。金属微孔过滤除尘技术具有过滤效率高和压降高的"双高"特点,开发低成本、耐高温、耐腐蚀的抗积碳材料,调控金属网孔的结构与分布是金属丝网除尘技术的发展方向。颗粒床除尘过程中存在床料积碳、热解气二次反应等问题,未来开发新型除尘滤料实现除尘提质一体化将是颗粒床除尘技术的重要研究方向。各种除尘技术用于The problem of dust removal from high temperature pyrolysis gas is one of the important reasons affecting the large-scale application of coal pyrolysis technology.According to the characteristics of the dust carried by high-temperature pyrolysis gas,the research progress of high-temperature dust removal technology of dust containing pyrolysis gas were analyzed,the characteristics of dust removal technology of high-temperature pyrolytic gas were discussed.According to the characteristics of high-temperature dust removal technology of dust containing pyrolytic gas,the future research direction of pyrolysis gas dust removal technology was prospected.The pyrolysis gas containing dust has the characteristics of complex composition,sensitive to temperature,easy condensation of heavy components,small particle size of dust and difficult separation.The cyclone separator is used for the dust removal of pyrolysis gas,and the dust removal efficiency of coarse dust with particle size greater than 10μm is high,which is generally used as the pre-separator of pyrolysis gas dust removal.Electrostatic precipitator,metal microporous filter and granular bed filter have higher efficiency for dust with smaller particle size in high-temperature dust-containing pyrolytic gas,which are suitable for fine dust removal.The results of the pyrolysis gas dust removal technology show that if the filtration temperature is too low,the tar is easy to condense,causing the decrease of oil and gas yield.If the temperature is too high,the secondary reaction of the pyrolysis vapor will be intensified,which causes serious carbon deposition in the filtration process and affects the operation cycle of the dust collector.In terms of the dust removal efficiency of high-temperature dust containing pyrolysis gas,the metal microporous dust removal technology has the highest filtration efficiency,which is more than 99%.The filtration efficiency of granular bed filter for high-temperature pyrolysis gas is more than 90%.Affected by the temperature,the filtration

关 键 词：高温除尘 煤热解气 颗粒床 除尘技术 

分 类 号：TQ533.2[化学工程—煤化学工程]