2018年东莞市不同行业职业病危害状况分析  

Analysis on occupational hazard of different industries in Dongguan in 2018

作　　者：董晓蕾 彭建梅 马争[1] 钟新光 张曼宇 庄小舟[1] DONG Xiao-lei;PENG Jian-mei;MA Zheng;ZHONG Xin-guang;ZHANG Man-yu;ZHUANG Xiao-zhou(Department of Occupational Health,The Sixth People's Hospital of Dongguan,Dongguan 523000,China)

机构地区：[1]东莞市职业病防治中心职业卫生科,广东东莞523008

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2021年第2期100-103,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：东莞市社会科技发展(重点)项目(2018507150051626)。

摘　　要：目的为适应2018年国家机构改革职责调整,更好地掌握东莞市职业病危害分布及行业特征,为政府制定职业病防治对策提供依据。方法运用分层随机抽样的方法,从"国家作业场所职业病危害申报与备案管理系统"中抽取420家东莞市企业,分别完成职业病危害因素监测和职业健康检查,并对数据进行分析。结果有60.5%(254/420)的职业病危害因素浓度/强度超标,有检测岗位8.7%(3692/42553)的职业病危害因素浓度/强度超标;物理因素、化学因素、粉尘超标率依次为21.7%、2.1%和8.6%;家具制造业、非金属矿物制品业等行业检测岗位超标率较高;金属制品业、家具制造业、皮革毛皮羽毛及其制品和制鞋业等行业疑似职业病和职业病检出率均为最高。结论东莞市家具制造业、金属制品业、皮革毛皮羽毛及其制品和制鞋业、橡胶和塑料制品业、非金属矿物制品业职业病危害风险较其他行业高,超标的职业病危害因素以噪声、粉尘、甲苯、二甲苯等危害为主。Objective To adapt to the responsibility adjustment of the Chinese institutional reform in 2018,better understand the distribution and characteristics of occupational hazards in different industries in Dongguan,and provide evidence for the government to develop prevention and control measures for occupational diseases.Methods From the"National Operational Disease Hazard Declaration and Filing Management System",420 enterprises in Dongguan were stratified random sampling as research enterprises.Occupational hazards detection and occupational health examinations were carried on in these enterprises respectively.And the data were analyzed.Results The concentration/intensity of occupational hazards in 60.5%(254/420)of research enterprises and 8.7%(3692/42553)of operating posts were higher than the limit.Over-standard rates of physical factors,chemical factors and dust were 21.7%,2.1%and 8.6%,respectively.The furniture manufacturing industry,non-metallic mineral products industry had higher excess rate in all kinds of standards.The metal products industry,furniture manufacturing industry,leather fur feathers products and shoes industry had the highest detection rates in suspected occupational diseases and occupational diseases.Conclusions This study found that the risk of occupational hazards in the furniture manufacturing industry,metal products,leather fur feathers products and footwear industry,rubber and plastic products industry,non-metallic mineral products industry is higher than other industries.The main occupational hazards of enterprises are noise,dust,toluene and xylene.Measures should be taken to effectively reduce the risk of occupational diseases.

关 键 词：职业卫生 职业病危害 监测 职业健康检查 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]