电解水制氢技术研究进展与发展建议  

Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis:Progress and Suggestions

作　　者：俞红梅[1,2] 邵志刚 侯明[1,2] 衣宝廉 段方维[3] 杨滢璇 Yu Hongmei;Shao Zhigang;Hou Ming;Yi Baolian;Duan Fangwei;Yang Yingxuan(Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian 116023,Liaoning,China;Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells&Hybrid Power Sources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian 116023,Liaoning,China;State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Research Institute,Shenyang 110004,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,辽宁大连116023 [2]中国科学院燃料电池及复合电能源重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [3]国网辽宁省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,沈阳110004

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2021年第2期146-152,共7页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目“中国储能发展战略研究(2035)”(2019-ZD-20);国家电网有限公司科技资助项目(SGLNDKOOKJJS1900037)

摘　　要：随着日益增长的低碳减排需求,氢的绿色制取技术受到广泛重视,利用可再生能源进行电解水制氢是目前众多氢气来源方案中碳排放最低的工艺。本文梳理了氢能需求和规划的进展、电解水制氢的示范项目情况,重点分析了电解水制氢技术,涵盖技术分类、碱水制氢应用、质子交换膜(PEM)电解水制氢。研究认为,提升电催化剂活性、提高膜电极中催化剂的利用率、改善双极板表面处理工艺、优化电解槽结构,有助于提高PEM电解槽的性能并降低设备成本;PEM电解水制氢技术的运行电流密度高、能耗低、产氢压力高,适应可再生能源发电的波动性特征、易于与可再生能源消纳相结合,是电解水制氢的适宜方案。结合氢储运与电解制氢的技术特征研判、我国输氢需求,提出发展建议:利用西北、西南、东北等区域丰富的可再生能源,通过电解水制氢产生高压氢;氢送入天然气管网,然后在用氢端从天然气管道取气、重整制氢,由此构成绿色制氢与长距离输送的系统解决方案。The increasing demand for carbon emission reduction has drawn wide attention on the green hydrogen-manufacturing technology.Hydrogen production by water electrolysis based on renewable energies has the lowest carbon emission among the main hydrogen manufacturing methods.This study summarizes the hydrogen demand,hydrogen industry planning,and demonstrations of hydrogen production by water electrolysis.The water electrolysis technology is analyzed,including alkaline water electrolysis and proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolysis.Research reveals that improving electrocatalyst activity,catalyst utilization,bipolar plate surface treatment,and electrolyzer structures helps optimize the performance of PEM electrolyzer and lower equipment cost.The PEM water electrolysis has high operating current density,low energy consumption,and high output pressure;therefore,it accommodates the fluctuation of renewable energy power generation and can be easily combined with renewable energy consumption.Considering the technical characteristics of hydrogen transportation and electrolytic hydrogen production as well as hydrogen transportation demand in China,a solution for green hydrogen generation and long-distance transportation is proposed.High-pressure hydrogen is first produced by water electrolysis using the abundant renewable energy resources from Northwest,Southwest,and Northeast China,and then delivered via the gas pipeline network.End users acquire the gas–hydrogen mixture and ultimately obtain hydrogen by reforming.

关 键 词：电解水制氢 可再生能源 质子交换膜电解水制氢 绿氢 长距离输送 

分 类 号：TQ151[化学工程—电化学工业]