低品位含铌矿物中铌的提取工艺研究进展  

Research progress on extraction technologies of niobium from low-grade niobium-bearing minerals

作　　者：孙林泉 王丽娜[1,2] 于宏东[1,2] 苏慧 陈德胜[1,2] 齐涛[1,2] SUN Linquan;WANG Lina;YU Hongdong;SU Hui;CHEN Desheng;QI Tao(National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Chemical Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院过程工程研究所湿法冶金清洁生产技术国家工程实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院绿色过程与工程重点实验室,北京100190 [3]中国科学院大学化工学院,北京100049

出　　处：《化工学报》2021年第4期1847-1862,共16页CIESC Journal

基　　金：中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-JSC021);中国科学院创新交叉团队项目。

摘　　要：随着电子、材料等尖端行业的迅速发展,铌因其独特的物化性质已被视为关键战略性金属资源,其需求量逐年递增,铌的冶金提取技术也受到越来越多的关注。我国白云鄂博地区铌资源丰富,但因铌品位低、矿相复杂、选矿分离难度大,目前尚未有效地开发利用。研究开发适用于我国低品位铌资源的提铌技术,具有重要的研究价值和战略意义。综述了主要的低品位铌资源提铌技术的研究现状,包括火法还原法、酸分解法、碱分解法、氯化法和火法-湿法联合法等,探讨了各种技术工艺的优势和特点,以及铌低品位条件对提铌效果的影响。近年来开发的亚熔盐法和焙烧-酸浸联合法也用于低品位铌资源提铌,这两类方法展现了良好的提取效果和应用价值,具有较为广阔的前景。前者由于分解率高、环境负担小而具有较大的潜力。现有研究表明后者可以较为高效地分解低品位铌矿,铌浸出率可达到98%。最后,对目前低品位铌资源提铌方法存在的问题和未来研究发展方向进行了总结和展望。With the rapid development of cutting-edge industries such as electronics and materials,niobium hasbeen regarded as a crucial strategic metal resource due to its unique physicochemical properties.The demand forniobium is increasing year by year,and the metallurgical extraction technologies of niobium have also received moreand more attention.China’s Bayan Obo region is rich in niobium resource,but it has not been effectively exploitedand utilized yet as a result of the low-grade niobium,complicated ore phases,and difficulty in beneficiation andseparation.Developing suitable niobium extraction technologies from low-grade niobium resources in China hasimportant research value and strategic significance.In this review,the research status of main niobium extractiontechnologies from low-grade niobium resources including pyrometallurgical reduction,acid decomposition,alkali decomposition,chlorination,and combined pyrometallurgy-hydrometallurgy technology is summarized.Theadvantages and characteristics of various technical processes above are concluded.The effect of low-grade niobiumon niobium extraction is discussed.Besides,the sub-melting salt method and the combined roasting-acid leachingmethod developed in recent years are also used to extract niobium from low-grade niobium resources.These twomethods demonstrate great extraction effect and application value,and expansive prospects.The former has greatpotential owing to its high decomposition rate and light environmental burden.Existing studies have shown that thelatter is able to decompose low-grade niobium ores more efficiently,and the leaching rate of niobium reaches 98%.Finally,the problems existing in the current technologies of niobium extraction from low-grade niobium resourcesand future research and development directions are summarized and previewed.

关 键 词：铌资源 低品位 回收 还原 分解 污染 联合法 

分 类 号：O614.5[理学—无机化学] TF803[理学—化学]