稻油两熟区机插水稻移栽叶龄及穴基本苗适宜值研究  

Study on the Suitable Leaf Age and Seedling Number per Hill of Machine-Transplanted Rice in a Rice/Rapeseed Rotation System

作　　者：段秀建 张巫军[1] 姚雄[1] 李经勇[1] 唐永群[1] 文明[1] 肖人鹏[1] DUAN Xiu-jian;ZHANG Wu-jun;YAO Xiong;LI Jing-yong;TANG Yong-qun;WEN Ming;XIAO Ren-peng(Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing Ratooning Rice Research Center,Chongqing 402160,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院,重庆再生稻研究中心,重庆402160

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第4期36-43,共8页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD030170701);重庆市社会事业与民生保障科技创新主题专项(cstc2016shms-ztzx80012).

摘　　要：为明确重庆稻油两熟区机插水稻移栽叶龄及穴基本苗的适宜值,以优质水稻品种渝香203为材料,开展了田间试验及示范验证研究.2016年的田间试验结果表明:不同移栽叶龄处理间,4.5叶龄机插水稻花后干物质积累量较5.5叶龄处理显著增加,其稻谷平均产量为9.4 t/hm 2,极显著高于5.5叶龄处理.不同基本苗数处理间,干物质转运率随每穴基本苗数的增加而增加,产量以每穴2苗的处理较高,但差异无统计学意义.相关性分析表明:机插水稻产量与每穗粒数、结实率、颖花数、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、生物产量、花后干物质积累量、单穗干质量均呈极显著正相关,而与有效穗数、千粒质量、叶面积指数相关性无统计学意义.各处理组合间,以4.5叶龄机插、每穴2苗的处理产量最高,为9.9 t/hm 2.2017年于永川区大安街道二郎坝村的示范验证结果表明:7.7 hm 2的渝香203油菜茬机插水稻示范片在4.5叶龄移栽、每穴2苗的技术条件下,平均产量为9.98 t/hm 2,最高产量达到10.6 t/hm 2.因此,稻油两熟地区机插水稻的高产途径为增加花后干物质积累量,主攻大穗,提高每穗粒数和结实率;适宜的移栽叶龄为4.5叶,穴基本苗为2苗.In order to determine the suitable transplanting leaf age and seedling number per hill of machine-transplanted rice in a rice/rapeseed rotation system,a field experiment and a demonstration test were conducted using Yuxiang 203,a hybrid indica rice variety,in Chongqing.In 2016,the field experiment results showed that dry matter accumulation after flowering of the treatment of 4.5 leaf age increased significantly compared with the treatment of 5.5 leaf age.The grain yield of 4.5 leaf age was 9.4 t/hm 2,significantly higher than that of 5.5 leaf age.Dry matter transportation ratio increased with the increment of seedling number per hill,but there was no significant difference in the grain yield between the treatments of seedling number per hill,and the grain yield of 2 seedlings per hill was the highest in all of treatments.The correlation analysis showed that grains per panicle,spikelet fertility,spikelets,the number of primary branches,the number of secondary branches,biomass production,dry matter accumulation after flowering and dry weight per panicle were significantly positively correlated with grain yield,while effective panicle number,1000-grain weight and leaf area index were not significantly correlated with grain yield.The grain yield of the treatment with 2 seedlings per hill and 4.5 leaf age was 9.9 t/hm 2,which was the highest in all the treatments.In 2017,an investigation of yield of machine-transplanted rice of Yuxiang 203 was carried out in the fields with an acreage of 7.7 located in Yongchuan,Chongqing.In these fields,the seedlings of 4.5 leaf age was transplanted by machine with 2 seedlings per hill,the average grain yield was 9.98 t/hm 2,and the highest was 10.6 t/hm 2.These results suggested that the high yield approach of machine-transplanted rice in a rice/rapeseed rotation system was to increase the photosynthetic material production after flowering,improve the quality per panicle and increase the number of grains per panicle and spikelet fertility,and that 2 seedlings per hill with 4.5 leaf

关 键 词：稻油两熟区 机插水稻 叶龄 基本苗 产量 

分 类 号：S352[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]