宗教政治化与宗教社会化:印度教民族主义的崛起及未来走向  

Politicization and Socialization of Religion:the Rise and Future of the Hindu Nationalism

作　　者：张帅[1] Zhang Shuai

机构地区：[1]云南大学国际关系研究院

出　　处：《印度洋经济体研究》2021年第2期93-112,154,155,共22页Indian Ocean Economic and Political Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“印太战略下‘东盟中心地位’重构与中国-东盟共建海上丝绸之路研究”(项目编号:20&ZD146)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：印度教民族主义的崛起是印度教政治化进程的延续和高潮,也是印度教社会化进程的最新成果。印度教民族主义诞生于19世纪印度以改革印度教为先导的社会运动,以及以争取民族独立和教派利益为目的的政治运动之中。其中,“印度教国家”理论和“国家虔信”论的提出为其生成提供了思想理论支撑。从印度教民族主义的流变来看,其是宗教与民族问题的有机统一,是宗教问题民族化、民族问题宗教化以及民族主义情绪化互为联动和交替演进的过程。当前,在莫迪政府及印度人民党的宗教政治化与宗教社会化策略的双重驱动下,印度教民族主义强势回归,使印度社会陷入新一轮冲突和动荡周期,并重塑印度的内政与外交。未来,印度教民族主义不再是一种简单的宗教政治化和宗教社会化的线性演进进路,将呈现出复杂性、动态性与不确定性同步发展的态势。The rise of Hindu nationalism is the continuation and climax of the politicization of Hinduism,and it is also the latest achievement of the socialization of Hinduism.Hindu nationalism was born in a social movement led by the reform of Hinduism,and a political movement aimed at striving for national independence and sectarian interests.During this process,the“Hindu Rashtra”and“Rashtrabhakti”provide ideological and theoretical support for the generation of Hindu nationalism.From the perspective of the evolution of Hindu nationalism,it is the combination of religion and ethnic issues,and a process of mutual interaction and alternate evolution of the nationalization of religious issues,the religionization of ethnic issues,and the emotionalization of nationalism.At present,the Modi administration adopts strategies of the politicization and socialization of religion to promote the strong rise of Hindu nationalism,which has plunged Indian society into a new round of conflict and turmoil,and has also reshaped India’s internal affairs and diplomacy.In the future,Hindu nationalism will no longer be a simple linear evolution of the politicization and socialization of religion,but will show a trend of simultaneous development of complexity,dynamics and uncertainty.

关 键 词：印度教民族主义 宗教政治化 宗教社会化 政党政治 社会治理 

分 类 号：D735.1[政治法律—政治学]