急性白血病化疗患者采用全环境保护护理对口腔、肛周感染的预防价值  

Preventive value of whole environment protection nursing for oral and perianal infection in patients with acute leukemia during chemotherapy

作　　者：史爱华[1] 王国祥 SHI Aihua;WANG Guoxiang(Department of Hematology,Xuanwu Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学宣武医院血液科,北京市100053

出　　处：《河北医药》2021年第6期949-951,955,共4页Hebei Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的探讨急性白血病化疗患者行全环境保护护理模式在预防口腔、肛周感染的价值。方法选取2018年3月至2019年3月收治的行化疗治疗的急性白血病患者90例,按照数字随机原则分成对照组和观察组,每组45例。对照组采用常规护理模式,观察组采用全环境保护护理模式,对比2组患者治疗期间口腔、肛周感染及病原菌培养结果,评估护理前后患者心理状态的变化情况。结果化疗期间观察组口腔感染率为0、肛周感染率为2.22%,感染总发生率为15.56%,而对照组为8.89%、13.33%、51.11%(χ^(2)=4.186,χ^(2)=12.800,P<0.05);病原菌培养结果显示观察组真菌占比6.25%,对照组为32.35%(χ^(2)=4.064,P<0.05);革兰阳性菌/阴性菌差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理前2组患者焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),护理后观察组SAS、SDS评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论急性白血病化疗期间实施全环境保护护理能够降低口腔、肛周以及其他部位的感染率,可显著减少真菌感染风险,缓解患者不良情绪。Objective To investigate the preventive value of whole environment protection nursing for oral and perianal infection in patients with acute leukemia during chemotherapy.Methods A total of 90 patients with acute leukemia who were treated by chemotherapy in our hospital from March 2018 to March 2019 were enrolled in the study,who were randomly divided into control group and observation group,with 45 patients in each group.the patients in control group were treated by routine nursing,however,the patients in observation group were treated by whole environmental protection intervention.The oral and perianal infections and pathogen culture results during treatment,and the changes of psychological state of patients before and after treatment were observed and compared between the two groups.Results During chemotherapy,the oral infection rate in observation group was 0,the perianal infection rate was 2.22%,and the total infection rate was 15.56%,however,which in control group was 8.89%,13.33%,51.11%,respectively,there were significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05).The results of pathogen culture showed that the fungi accounted for 6.25%in observation group,which in control group wa 32.35%,there was significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).However there were no significant differences in Gram-positive bacteria/negative bacteria between the two groups(P>0.05).Before nursing there were no significant differences in the scores of Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)between the two groups(P>0.05).After nursing the SAS scores and SDS scores in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The implementation of whole environment protection nursing can reduce the infection rate in the oral cavity,perianal area and other parts in patients with acute leukemia during chemotherapy,which can significantly reduce the risk of fungal infection and alleviate the bad mood of patients.

关 键 词：急性白血病 化疗 全环境保护护理 感染 病原菌 负性情绪 

分 类 号：R473.55[医药卫生—护理学]