机场冬季鸟类活动规律及雪被对鸟类群落的影响  

Rhythm of birds activity in winter at airport and the effect of snow cover on bird community

作　　者：张侃 林庆乾 刘琪琪 王晨 侯建华[1] ZHANG Kan;LIN Qingqian;LIU Qiqi;WANG Chen;HOU Jianhua(College of Life Sciences,Hebei University,Baoding 071002,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学生命科学学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《河北大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第2期171-179,共9页Journal of Hebei University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：机场鸟情调查及环境治理方案制定(2019—2021);河北大学自然科学研究计划项目(2014-299)。

摘　　要：为了掌握冬季机场鸟类的活动规律,给机场鸟击防治工作提供理论依据,2018—2019年冬季采用样线法对冬季机场内鸟类活动规律及雪被对鸟类群落的影响进行了研究.结果表明:机场冬季共记录到鸟类19种,隶属7目11科,其中留鸟和冬候鸟是冬季机场鸟类群落的主体,鸟类物种以雀形目杂食性和食谷鸟类为主.上午9:00—10:00鸟类物种数量和个体密度最大.E3区和F3区是鸟类活动最频繁的区域.覆雪后,鸟类个体密度显著增加(P<0.05),但鸟类物种密度显著下降(P<0.05),裸露区是吸引鸟类进入机场活动的主要环境因素.裸露区与过渡区的Beta多样性周转分组高于嵌套分组,表明鸟类有从裸露区向过渡区扩散的能力.雀形目杂食性和食谷鸟类、9:00—10:00和13:00—14:00、E3区和F3区及裸露区应作为机场冬季重点关注和整治的对象、时段和区域.In order to master the pattern of bird activity at the airport in winter,to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of airport bird strikes,in the winter of 2018—2019,the bird activity pattern and the influence of snow cover on the bird community were studied by sample line method.The results showed that 19 species of birds under 7,11 were recorded in winter,Among them,the resident and winter migratory birds are the main body of the winter airport bird community,and bird species are mainly finch-shaped omnivorous and valley-eating birds.Between 9:00 and 10:00 am,the number of species and individual density of birds is maximum.E3 and F3 areas are the most frequent areas of bird activity.After the snow,Individual density of birds increased significantly(P<0.05).However,the density of bird species decreased significantly(P<0.05).Bare patches are the main environmental factors that attract birds into airport activities.Beta diversity turnover groups in exposed and transition areas were higher than nested groups,indicating that birds have the ability to diffuse from bare to transitional areas.Sparrow-shaped omnivorous and valley-eating birds,9:00—10:00 and 13:00—14:00,E3 and F3 areas and exposed patches after snow cover should be the objects,periods and areas of the airport's winter focus and regulation.

关 键 词：机场 鸟类 活动规律 雪被 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]