环太湖河流及湖体中有机磷酸酯的污染特征和风险评估  

Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Organophosphate Esters in Rivers and Water Body Around Taihu Lake

作　　者：张文萍 张振飞 郭昌胜[1,2] 吕佳佩[1,2] 邓洋慧 张恒 徐建[1,2] ZHANG Wen-ping;ZHANG Zhen-fei;GUO Chang-sheng;LÜ Jia-pei;DENG Yang-hui;ZHANG Heng;XU Jian(Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境健康风险评估与研究中心,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护化学品生态效应与风险评估重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学》2021年第4期1801-1810,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07301005);国家自然科学基金项目(51208482);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1803401)。

摘　　要：为探究有机磷酸酯(organophosphate esters,OPEs)在太湖流域地表水中的污染特征、潜在来源以及生态风险和健康风险,采集了环太湖18条河流水样和11个太湖湖体水样,利用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪(UPLC-MS/MS)测定了水体中13种典型OPEs的浓度水平和污染特征.结果表明,除磷酸三丙酯(TPr P)、2-乙基己基二苯基磷酸酯(EHDPP)和磷酸三甲苯酯(TCrP)外,其余10种OPEs在所有采样点水样中均有不同程度地检出,总检出浓度(ΣOPEs)范围为152.5~2524 ng·L^(-1),浓度中值为519.2 ng·L^(-1).其中磷酸三(1-氯-2-丙基)酯(TCPP)和磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP)是最主要的OPEs,浓度范围分别为73.7~1753.9 ng·L^(-1)(浓度中值:204.6 ng·L^(-1))和43.9~313.5 ng·L^(-1)(浓度中值:131.3 ng·L^(-1)).ΣOPEs呈现西北地区向东南地区逐渐降低的趋势,OPEs的浓度水平与所在地区经济发展水平和工业发展程度密切相关.对OPEs的来源进行解析,发现电子、纺织企业废水的排放以及建材、交通和航运排放可能是太湖流域地表水中OPEs的主要来源.生态风险评估结果表明,部分点位TCPP、磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯(TDCP)以及磷酸三苯酯(TPhP)对水生生物具有低风险;健康风险表明,基于饮用水摄入的OPEs暴露的风险商(hazard quotient,HQ)均小于1,不存在健康风险,但OPEs对水生生态系统和周边居民的长期风险仍需引起关注.To explore the pollution characteristics,potential sources,and ecological and health risk of organophosphate eaters(OPEs)in the surface water of Taihu Lake,water samples from 18 surrounding rivers were collected,as well as 11 water samples from Taihu Lake.The concentrations of 13 OPEs in the water were determined using UPLC-MS/MS,and the spatial distribution of the OPEs in surface water of Taihu Lake basin was further analyzed.The results indicate that,in addition to tripropyl phosphate(TPrP),2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate(EHDPP),and tricresyl phosphate(TCrP),ten OPEs were detected in all the water samples,the total concentration(ΣOPEs)ranged from 152.5 ng·L^(-1)to 2524 ng·L^(-1),and the concentration median value was 519.2 ng·L^(-1).Tri(chloropropyl)phosphate(TCPP)and tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP)were the dominant OPEs,with the concentration ranges of 73.7-1753.9 ng·L^(-1)(medium value:204.6 ng·L^(-1))and 43.9-313.5 ng·L^(-1)(medium value:131.3 ng·L^(-1)),respectively.TheΣOPEs decreased from the northwest region to the southeast,which corresponds to the economic and industrial development.The results of the source identification reveal that the wastewater discharge from electronics and textile enterprises,construction materials,and vehicular and marine traffic emissions may be the principal sources of the OPEs in Taihu Lake.The ecological risk assessment results indicate that only TCPP,tri(dichloropropyl)phosphate(TDCP),and triphenyl phosphate(TPhP)in some sites had a low risk.The health risk assessment reveals that there were no risks based on water intake,but the long-term risk of OPEs to the aquatic ecosystem and surrounding residents still need attention.

关 键 词：有机磷酸酯(OPEs) 太湖 污染特征 来源解析 风险评估 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]