超高产优质棉花品种新陆中42生理特征及产量结构的研究  

Study on Physiological Characteristics and Yield Structure of Super-high Yield Cotton Variety Xinluzhong 42

作　　者：彭延 彭小峰 蔡志平[2] 刘素华 龚举武 张选 袁有禄[3] PENG Yan;PENG Xiao-feng;CAI Zhi-ping(Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Third Division,Tumushuke,Xinjiang 843900;Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000)

机构地区：[1]第三师农业科学研究所,新疆图木舒克843900 [2]石河子大学,新疆石河子832000 [3]中国农业科学院棉花研究所棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2021年第8期49-53,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：第三师图木舒克市科技攻关专项“棉花‘双30’种质创新与南繁”(YJ2018CX01);科技人才创新项目“兵团棉花种质资源研究创新团队”(2020CB005)。

摘　　要：[目的]为全面了解超高产棉花品种的特征特性,实现较好的棉花生产效益,更好地服务于南疆棉花生产,为超高产品种的选育提供借鉴。[方法]以新陆中42号为材料,2017—2018年在棉花生长发育期分别测定棉花株高、光合速度、水分蒸腾、水分利用率、CO_(2)变化、湿度、光照、叶温、冠层结构、产量形成、叶绿素含量及其铃在棉株空间上的分布等主要因素变化。[结果]不同生育时期棉花主茎叶片光合速率(P_(n))以盛蕾期最高;果枝叶片光合速率以盛铃期最高,果枝叶片光合速率低于同期主茎叶片光合速率;SPAD值呈波浪状,叶色表现“三黄三黑”;水分利用率主茎叶片和果枝叶片的变化趋势基本相同,呈先上升后下降再上升再下降的变化曲线,7月5日调查时主茎叶片和果枝叶片的水分利用率均为最高;棉花主茎叶片和果枝叶片的叶温变化趋势基本一致,在花铃期时叶片温度较高,但果枝叶叶温一般较主茎叶低0~2.0℃;相同部位不同时期表现浅U型曲线,花铃期是棉花吸收大量CO_(2)的时期。棉花单株结铃8.55个,以植株主茎节位作为棉株空间结构分类参考量,按照有序样本最优分割为5个段数,结铃部位主要集中在第5~10主茎节位;果枝第一节位结铃7.55个;棉铃脱落主要集中于主茎第5~13节位。[结论]应加强选育高光合、理想株型、后期功能型的高产优质新品种;实现棉花生物学产量与经济系数的同步提高;栽培上在狠抓成铃总数的同时注重增加铃重,在最佳结铃期内提高结铃强度;建立棉花超高产向光要产和向温要产的栽培技术体系。[Objective]To understand the characteristics of super-high yield cotton variety feature,to achieve better cotton production benefits,to providc better service for cotton production in southern Xinjiang,and to provide reference for breeding super-high yield cotton varieties.[Method]In 2017 and 2018,with Xinluzhong 42 variety as the research material,the main factors of cotton growth and development were measured,such as plant height,photosynthetic rate,water transpiration,water use efficiency,CO_(2) change,humidity,light,leaf temperature,canopy structure,yield formation,chlorophyll content and spatial distribution of bolls.[Results]The photosynthetic rate(P_(n))of the main stem leaves of super-high-yield cotton in different growth periods was the highest in the full bud period;the photosynthetic rate of the fruit branch leaves was the highest in the full boll period,and the photosynthetic rate of the fruit branch leaves was lower than that of the main stem leaves in the same period;the SPAD value was wavy,and the leaf color showed“three yellow and three black”;the change trend base of the water use rate of the main stem leaves and the fruit branch leaves in the same way,the water use efficiency of main stem leaf and fruit branch leaf was the highest on July 5.The leaf temperature of cotton main stem leaf and fruit branch leaf was basically the same.The leaf temperature of cotton main stem leaf and fruit branch leaf was higher at flowering and bolling stage,but the leaf temperature of fruit branch leaf was generally 0-2.0℃lower than that of main stem leaf.In the same part,the shallow U-shaped curve appeared at different stages.The boll period was the period when cotton absorbing a lot of CO_(2).There were 8.55 bolls per plant,and the main stem nodes were used as the reference for the spatial structure classification of cotton plants.According to the ordered samples,the bolls were divided into 5 segments.The bolls were mainly at the 5th to 10th nodes of the main stem,7.55 at the first node of the fruit branch,

关 键 词：超高产 光合速度 SPAD值 水分利用率 结铃 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]