有机旱作果园土壤管理技术综述  

Summary of soil management technology in organic dry-farming orchard

作　　者：申仲妹 杨俊强[1] 马光跃 郭建民 SHEN Zhongmei;YANG Junqiang;MA Guangyue;GUO Jianmin(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,太原030031

出　　处：《中国果树》2021年第3期8-12,共5页China Fruits

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划一般项目(201803D221003-6);山西省农业科学院院科技创新项目(YCX2018D2YX04)。

摘　　要：旱作果园多为雨养农业,受降水不均、降水时期与树体需水期不合影响,常造成水肥利用率低下等问题。旱作果园应以增强果园土壤纳雨蓄墒能力、提高水肥利用率为目的,做好增施有机物料、合理施用化肥、加强水土保持等工作,坚持用地养地的可持续发展土壤管理方式,走有机旱作农业技术路线。综述了有机旱作果园的概述、提高水肥利用率的技术措施(包括工程节水、农艺节水)及旱作果园其他综合管理技术措施(包括抗旱品种及砧木的选择、整形修剪、化学调控)的研究利用现状,旨在为山地旱作果园的有机旱作科学管理及绿色标准化生产提供参考。The utilization rate of water and fertilizer is lower in dry-farming orchards called rain-fed agriculture which is affected by the uneven annual precipitation and the inconsistency between the precipitation period and the water requirement period of fruit trees.Dry-farming orchards should adhere to the technical route of sustainable rain-fed agriculture embodied key emphasis in the combination of utilizing land with maintaining it.It is supposed to increase organic materials,optimize the proportion of fertilizer application,construct the water and soil conservation in dry-farming orchard with the purpose of enhanced soil water-holding capacity and improved the utilization ratio of water and fertilizer.This paper summarizes the overview of organic dry-farming orchard,the technical measures to improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency(including engineering water-saving and agronomic water-saving),and other comprehensive management technical measures(including selection of drought-resistant varieties and rootstocks,shaping and pruning,chemical regulation)aimed to provide theoretical reference for the scientific management sustainable dry-farming and green standardized production in dry-farming orchard.

关 键 词：有机旱作 旱作果园 土壤管理 节水 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]