基于运动人体热舒适的体育场馆环境温度参数优化研究  

Research on Optimization of Ambient Temperature Parameters of Sports Stadiums Based on Moving Human Thermal Comfort

作　　者：高亚萍 肖勇强[1] GAO Yaping;XIAO Yongqiang(Xi’An University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'An 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2021年第4期24-31,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金面上项目(2017JM5143)。

摘　　要：体育场馆作为体育教学的主要场所,其热环境直接影响到运动人体的舒适健康和运动效果。为了获得运动人体热舒适,需维持人体与环境热交换之间产热和散热的动态传热平衡。夏季舒适的体育场馆热环境通常要消耗大量的空调能耗制冷,由此可见,体育场馆具有巨大的节能潜力。以1200名在西安某高校体育场馆内进行羽毛球活动的大学生为研究对象,监测大学生经过羽毛球训练后的生理参数以及对热舒适、疲劳感觉的评价,利用SPSS 23.0和ORIGIN进行数据统计分析,采用描述性统计、多元回归、方差分析等统计方法分析客观和主观数据之间的相互关系,建立不同环境温度工况对运动人体热舒适的定量影响关系。研究结果表明,环境温度对学生的舒适感受、疲劳感觉认知以及生理参数存在交互作用,形成热感觉满意率、疲劳感觉满意率与环境温度之间的定量影响关系。同时,以运动人体平均皮肤温度、血压、心率三类评价因子表征生理参数,进而反映体育场馆环境温度对其的显著性差异。通过兼顾运动人体热舒适和疲劳感觉满意率的综合影响,提出舒适的环境温度参数推荐范围,较国家标准中的室内空调环境温度的低限制值提高了2℃,有效降低了体育建筑夏季空调系统能耗。As the main place of physical education,the thermal environment of stadiums and gymnasiums has a direct impact on the comfort and health of sports people.In order to obtain the thermal comfort of moving human body,it is necessary to maintain the dynamic heat transfer balance between heat generation and heat dissipation of heat exchange between human body and environment.The comfortable thermal environment of sports venues usually consumes a large amount of energy on refrigeration.In this paper,1200 undergraduates who were playing badminton in a university gymnasium in Xi’an were selected as the research object.The physiological parameters,thermal comfort and fatigue sensation of undergraduates after badminton training were monitored.The data were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 and ORIGIN.Statistical methods such as descriptive statistics,multiple regression and variance scores were used to analyze the relationship between objective and subjective data,and to establish different environmental temperature conditions on the exercise of human thermal comfort quantitative relationship.The results showed that there was an interaction between ambient temperature and students’comfort,fatigue perception and physiological parameters,which formed a quantitative relationship between thermal satisfaction,fatigue satisfaction and ambient temperature.The physiological parameters were characterized by the average skin temperature,blood pressure and heart rate of the exercise human body,which reflected the significant difference of the environmental temperature of the stadium and gymnasium.By introducing the space analysis theory and taking into account the comprehensive influence of thermal comfort and fatigue satisfaction rate of sports human body,the recommended range of comfortable ambient temperature parameters were put forward.Compared with the low limit value of indoor air conditioning ambient temperature in the national standard,the recommended range of comfortable ambient temperature was 2℃higher,and the energy consumption

关 键 词：体育场馆 体育运动 疲劳 热舒适 建筑节能 

分 类 号：G818.2[文化科学—体育学]