美国《脑瘫青少年体质健康标准》的探究与启示  

Enlightenment and Exploration on Health-related Physical Fitness Test of Cerebral Palsy Youngsters in US

作　　者：陈华卫 吴雪萍[1] 章凌凌[3] 窦丽[4] CHEN Huawei;WU Xueping;ZHANG Lingling;DOU Li(Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;Nanjing University of Aeronautics and astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433,China;Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院,上海200438 [2]南京航空航天大学,江苏南京210016 [3]上海财经大学,上海200433 [4]南京林业大学,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2021年第4期80-88,共9页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(19YJC890003);江苏省社会科学基金研究成果(17TYB007)。

摘　　要：美国《脑瘫青少年体质健康标准》(Health-related Physical Fitness Test of Cerebral Palsy Youngster,以下简称"《CP标准》")的目标是科学评估脑瘫青少年的体质健康水平,进行健康风险预警,为制定个性化体质健康计划和健身指导做准备,其最终目的是激励和引导脑瘫青少年进行科学的身体锻炼,建立积极健康的生活方式,提高生存质量。解析美国《CP标准》对我国脑瘫青少年体质健康标准的研制、脑瘫人群的功能评估、运动干预和康复都具有积极的借鉴价值与启示意义。在内容指标上,《CP标准》尽可能地与健全青少年保持一致,指标选择与健康风险关联,力求满足脑瘫青少年生理性健康和功能健康的需求,体现科学性、有效性;《CP标准》根据不同残疾程度脑瘫青少年健康需求和个性化需要,设置了修正和专项的测试指标,体现针对性、实用性和可选择性;而缺乏平衡能力的内容指标,是《CP标准》的缺憾之处。在标准设置上,身体成分与有氧功能评价功能分区的临界值来自于与相关疾病标准的切点值;骨骼肌功能标准值则来自于专家综合健全学生骨骼肌功能的常模数据和康复医生建议的推荐值。The objective of Health-related Physical Fitness Test of CP youngsters in US is to evaluate their fitness status,and improve their ability away from health risk,and prepare for planning individualized physical fitness program as well as exercising guidance,aiming to stimulate and lead CP youngsters to exercise scientifically,and build an active and healthy lifestyle and improve quality of life.Analyzing and discussing Health-related Physical Fitness Test of CP youngsters in US is beneficial to develop physical fitness and health standards of CP youngsters in China,as well as inspire on assessment,exercise intervention and recovery of functionality for them.Test items and indexes of CP standards are consistent with normal youngsters as much as possible,based on their health risk,and strive to meet their physiological and functional health needs scientifically and effectively.Based on health desire and personal needs of CP youngsters with different disability degree,CP standards sets modified and specific indexes to reflect specialization and practicality.A lack of balanced capacity in CP standards is a defect.Standards of aerobic functioning and body composition are from the critical value of indicator in chronic disease risk on previous research;musculoskeletal functioning standards and fitness zones are mainly established from expert opinion by reviewing norm-referenced data sets,by considering values used in clinical settings,and by consulting recommendations or research results found in the literature.

关 键 词：健康相关体质 脑瘫青少年 测试指标 标准 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]