相变材料在长期驻空平流层飞艇上的应用探讨  

APPLICATION OF PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS IN LONG-ENDURANCE STRATOSPHERIC AIRSHIP

作　　者：才晶晶[1] 李兆杰[1] 张衍垒[1,2] 王旭巍 杨燕初[1] 梁福鑫 Cai Jingjing;Li Zhaojie;Zhang Yanlei;Wang Xuwei;Yang Yanchu;Liang Fuxin(Academy of Opto-Electronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院光电研究院,北京100094 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院化学研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《太阳能学报》2021年第3期456-462,共7页Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51606197,51707189);第四届高分辨率对地观测学术年会青年基金(GFZX04061502);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项-A类(XDA17020100)。

摘　　要：建立平流层飞艇在平飞过程中的热力学综合模型,详细分析太阳辐射、地面反射、红外辐射、对流换热及热传导对内部气体温度变化的影响。分析结论表明飞艇内部气体的昼夜温差较大是影响长期驻空平流层飞艇性能的关键因素。为此,提出将相变材料应用于平流层飞艇,分析相变传热问题的特点,建立相变传热的数学模型,对相变传热问题的求解方法进行分析和比较,并设计实施地面和高空试验,试验结果与分析结果基本一致,即将相变材料应用于平流层飞艇能有效降低飞艇内部气体的日间最高温度,此研究结果可为改善平流层飞艇昼夜温差提供新思路。Aiming at the stratospheric airship in the working process,a thermodynamic comprehensive model was established The influence on the internal gas temperature change by the solar radiation,ground reflection,infrared radiation,the convective heat transfer and the heat conduction were fully analyzed. The results showed that the large temperature difference of the internal gas during day and night will be a key factor affecting the performance of the long-endurance stratospheric airship. Based on this,the application of phase change materials to stratospheric airships was employed. The characteristics of phase change heat transfer problems were analyzed,and a mathematical model of phase change heat transfer for phase change heat transfer was established. To verify the accuracy of the analysis model,a ground environment test and a high altitude environment test were carried out.The experimental results are consistent with the analysis results. The results showed that the application of phase change materials to stratospheric airships can effectively reduce the daytime temperature. The results provide a new way for improving the diurnal temperature difference of the longendurance stratospheric airships.

关 键 词：相变材料 平流层 飞艇 热力学模型 昼夜温差 

分 类 号：V274[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]