次贷危机后美国经济金融化趋势是否逆转?  

Have the Trend of the U.S. Financialization Reversed after the Subprime Crisis?

作　　者：马慎萧[1,2,3] 兰楠 Ma Shenxiao;Lan Nan(School of Marxism Studies,Renmin University of China;School of Marxism,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学马克思主义学院 [2]北京高校思想政治理论课高精尖创新中心 [3]中国人民大学全国中国特色社会主义政治经济学研究中心 [4]清华大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《政治经济学评论》2021年第2期172-189,共18页China Review of Political Economy

基　　金：北京社科基金研究基地一般项目“以马克思主义虚拟资本理论研究现代化经济体系中的实体经济与虚拟经济”(批准号18JDKDB012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪70年代以来资本主义经济金融化趋势显著,以金融资本为主导的积累模式在一定时期内刺激了资本主义经济增长,但也为由美国次贷危机引发的2008年国际金融危机埋下了祸根。而今,距离危机的爆发已经十余年,危机后当代资本主义也经历了一系列调整。本文考察了危机后美国政府的系列"再工业化"政策、新自由主义持续强劲的势头、新形势下美国经济的新矛盾与新变化,探讨"再工业化"能否为美国寻得摆脱经济危机的新型积累模式、危机后金融部门为何迅速恢复并依然主导美国经济、劳资矛盾的持续加剧能否催生新的变革等问题,认为危机后美国经济金融化趋势尚未逆转,新型积累模式尚不可得,其实质是资本主义内部的经济调节机制无法解决其持续激化的基本矛盾,而矛盾的激化酝酿着新的变革。The financialization of capitalism has been quite remarkable since the 1970 s.The accumulation model dominated by financial capital on the one hand stimulates the capitalist economic growth for a certain period of time;on the other hand, it planted a seed of trouble for the outbreak of the 2008 international financial crisis.At present, it has been more than ten years since the 2008 international financial crisis, after which a series of adjustments has been made to contemporary capitalism.This article examines the economic changes in the U.S.after the crisis, including a series of "reindustrialization" policies of the U.S.government, the continuously strong momentum of neoliberalism, and the new contradictions and changes of the U.S.economy under the new situation.The article tries to answer the questions, namely, whether "reindustrialization" can help the United States find a new accumulation model, why the financial sector recovered quickly and still dominates the U.S.economy, and whether the continued intensification of labor-capital contradictions can lead to new revolutions.In conclusion, the trend of U.S.financialization has not yet reversed after the subprime crisis, while the new accumulation model that the United States is seeking has not been found yet.Essentially, the phenomenon adumbrates that the internal economic adjustment mechanism of capitalism cannot solve its intensifying basic contradiction, which is brewing new revolutions.

关 键 词：2008年国际金融危机 金融资本 金融化 资本主义积累模式 

分 类 号：F171.2[经济管理—世界经济] F837.12