古代农业智慧在植物保护领域中的应用  

Application of Ancient Agricultural Wisdom in Plant Protection

作　　者：廖咏梅[1] Liao Yong-mei(Agricultural College,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《广西农学报》2020年第6期84-87,共4页Journal of Guangxi Agriculture

基　　金：崇左市科技计划项目“早熟三红蜜柚新品引进与示范推广”(崇科FC2018004)。

摘　　要：古代农书中的栽培技术蕴含着先进的植物保护技术。《氾胜之书》之种瓜篇中,在瓜苗外围“又种薤十根”,即种植葱属植物十根。现代科学技术证实,葱属植物根系可以富集黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)细菌,该属细菌具有抑制镰孢菌(Fusarium)增殖的作用,进而预防瓜类枯萎病的发生,既有效、环保,还能增加收入,在现代农业生产中值得大力推广。《氾胜之书》之溲种法是目前种子包衣的始祖。溲种法中的附子含有乌头碱等剧毒二萜类生物碱,在骨汁中浸泡几天后包裹种子再播种,释放出来的有毒物质可以起到杀虫剂的作用;黄猄蚁具有很强的捕食果园害虫的能力,果园释放黄猄蚁,结合停止施用农药,则果园的天敌种类和数量丰富,可以自然抑制各种害虫的爆发。文章列举了一些古代农业防治病虫害的成功例子,阐述古代农业在植保领域的应用,提出在现代农业中,要汲取古代农业的智慧,研究其潜在的科学理论,指导农业生产,实现农业的永续发展。The cultivation technology in ancient agricultural books contains advanced plant protection technology.Among the cultivation melon article of the book of Sweeping Victories,scallions ten roots outside the melon seeding,namely plant ten pillars of the allium.The modern science and technology confirmed that yellow bacillus genus allium plant roots can enrichment flavobacterium bacteria,the genus Fusarium(Fusarium)bacteria can inhibit proliferation of fusarium,and prevent the happening of the melons blight,is both effective and environmental protection,still can increase their income,is worth promoting in modern agricultural production.It is the first method of seed coating used in the Book of Sweeping Victories.The agglutinates used in deutzia contain highly toxic diterpenes,such as aconitine,which may be absorbed in bone juice for several days and then coated with the seeds for replanting.The release of these poisons may act as insecticides.Weaver ants have a strong ability to prey on orchard pests.Squeezed ants released by orchard use together with the cessation of pesticide application will generate rich natural enemies and abundant species in orchards,which can naturally inhibit the outbreak of various pests.This paper enumerates some successful examples of ancient agricultural pest control,expounds the application of ancient agriculture in the field of plant protection,and puts forward that in modern agriculture,we should draw the wisdom of ancient agriculture,study its potential scientific theories,guide agricultural production,and realize the sustainable development of agriculture.

关 键 词：古代农业 植保技术 永续农业 

分 类 号：S482.1[农业科学—农药学]