基于GIS大数据的北京市公园可达性分析  

Accessibility Analysis of Beijing Parks Based on GIS Big Data

作　　者：黄焕春[1] 陈逸伦 邓鑫 刘伟 许浩[1] 范文浩 HUANG Huanchun;CHEN Yilun;DENG Xin;LIU Wei;XU hao;FAN Wenhao(College of Landscape Architecture,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学风景园林学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《湖南科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第1期30-36,共7页Journal of Hunan University of Science And Technology：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31600571);国家社科基金资助重大项目(13&ZD162);江苏高校品牌专业建设工程项目资助(PPZY2015A063);南林大创项目资助(2019NFUSPITP0082)。

摘　　要：城市公园作为居民可接触到的主要休憩娱乐场所,对城市居民的身心健康与社会可持续发展都起着重要作用,然而城市的快速发展却与居民对绿色空间的需求之间产生了巨大的矛盾.文章以北京市六环以内城市公园作为研究对象,运用GIS网络分析法结合道路、建筑、人口等大数据对北京市二环—六环不同环线内城市公园的可达性及其服务状况进行研究.结果表明:(1)整体上,公园步行可达面积比为35.76%,公园自行车可达面积比为53.42%;公园分布状况、数量、面积大小均未达到理想状态,公园可达性水平与城市居民对公园游憩功能需求之间的矛盾仍很严重,公园可达性仍有较大提升空间.(2)二环以内与三环—四环地区公园步行与自行车可达性最好;二环—三环与五环—六环公园步行可达性最差;二环—三环、三环—四环、五环—六环公园自行车可达性较为接近.(3)公园可达面积比与公园服务人口2个指标,可作为评价城市公园整体可达性与服务状况的指标.在城市各环区之间,采用公园可达面积比评价公园整体可达性,公园可达人口比评价公园服务状况.针对北京目前公园服务功能不足与城市居民日益增长的服务需求之间的矛盾关系,结合北京市公园可达性特点与服务功能现状,建议从构建住区—公园的城区慢行绿道系统与公共自行车交通网络两方面缓解上述矛盾.As the main recreational place for urban residents,urban parks play an important role in the physical and mental health of urban residents and the sustainable development of society. However,the rapid development of the city has a huge contradiction with the residents’ demand for the green space. The city parks within the sixth ring road of Beijing was taken as the research object,GIS network analysis combined with roads,buildings,population and other big data was used to study the accessibility and service status of the urban parks within the second to the sixth ring road in Beijing. The results show that:( 1) On the whole,the area ratio of park walking area is 35.76%,the area ratio of park bicycle is 53.42%,and the distribution,quantity and area of parks are not ideal. The contradiction between park accessibility and urban residents’ demand for recreation function is still very severe. There is still a lot of room to improve with the scope of service.( 2) The park within the second ring road and the third ring road to the fourth ring road has the best pedestrian and bicycle accessibility;the park between the second ring road to the third ring road and the fifth ring road to the sixth ring road has the worst pedestrian accessibility;the park between the second ring road to the third ring Road,the third ring road to the fourth ring road and the fifth ring road to the sixth ring road has the similar bicycle accessibility;( 3) The ratio of reachable area and service population can be used as an index to evaluate the overall accessibility and service status of urban parks. The park accessibility ratio is used to evaluate the overall accessibility of the park,and the park accessibility population ratio is used to evaluate the service status of the park. In view of the contradiction between the lack of park service functions in Beijing and the increasing service demand of urban residents,combined with the current accessibility characteristics and service function status of Beijing as a park,the study suggests that

关 键 词：可达性 网络分析法 城市公园 GIS 大数据 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]