长期耕作对寒地黑土生态化学计量特征及酶活性的影响  

Effects of long-term tillage on ecological stoichiometric characteristics and enzymatic activities in cold black soil

作　　者：郭迎岚 岳中辉 苏鑫 罗慧 赵文磊 卢嫚 GUO Yinglan;YUE Zhonghui;SU Xin;LUO Hui;ZHAO Wenlei;LU Man(Key Laboratory of Plant Biology, Colleges and Universities of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University,150025, Harbin,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院,黑龙江省普通高等学校植物生物学重点实验室,哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2021年第2期19-26,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：黑龙省省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目“复合除草剂乙·嗪·滴丁酯对农田土壤微生物多样性的影响”(2017-KYYWF-0135);哈尔滨师范大学硕士研究生创新科研项目“碳添加对盐碱草地土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响”(HSDSSCX2018-52)。

摘　　要：通过研究寒地黑土耕作15年(2002—2017年)后的土壤养分、生态化学计量特征及酶活性的变化,探究寒地黑土土壤养分分配力和保持力,为寒地黑土的合理开发和持续利用提供理论依据。结果表明:1)与2002年相比,2017年土壤有机质、全氮含量显著降低(P<0.05),土壤全磷含量显著增加(P<0.05);土壤C∶N无显著变化,土壤C∶P、N∶P和C∶N∶P显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与2002年相比,2017年土壤过氧化氢酶活性显著增加(P<0.05),土壤转化酶、脲酶、硝酸还原酶和磷酸酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),土壤总体酶活性指数无显著变化。3)土壤全磷含量在2002年和2017年都是主要肥力因子;在2002年土壤C∶P、N∶P和C∶N∶P为主要肥力因子,2017年土壤有机质、脲酶、转化酶为主要肥力因子。综合来看,长期耕作15年后,虽然土壤C、N含量以及相关的酶活性均显著降低,但土壤碳氮平衡并没有变化,建议在今后的生产中继续加强有机碳肥和氮肥的配合施用,同时适当减少磷肥的施用来维持土壤养分分配格局。[Background]Relying on the fertile black soil resources,northeastern China has developed the biggest grain base.The practice of agricultural development has proved that the level of soil fertility and the rational use of fertilizer are the key factors in sustaining grain production.Therefore,there is great practical significance to master the soil nutrient status,fertility level in order to effectively maintain and protect the quality of cultivated land and to ensure grain security in grain production in the black soil area of northeastern China.[Methods]To explore the variation of soil nutrients,ecological stoichiometrics and enzyme activities after long-term cultivation of black soil,34 research samples were set up in the typical cold land black soil cultivation area.Based on the experiment in 2002,the global positioning system(GPS)was reused to confirm the sample points in 2017.The variability of soil fertility quality and other indicators in the topsoil(0-20 cm)in the northeastern area of China during last 15 years were revealed with completion GPS and statistics.[Results]1)Compared with results in 2002,the content of soil organic matter(OM),total nitrogen(TN),C∶P,N∶P,C∶N∶P decreased significantly and total phosphorus(TP)content increased significantly(P<0.05)in 2017,while it had no significant change in soil C∶N.2)Compared with results in 2002,soil catalase(CAT)activity increased significantly(P<0.05)and the activities of soil invertase(INV),nitrate reductase(NR),urease(URE)and phosphatase(PHO)decreased significantly(P<0.05)in 2017.Meanwhile,it had no significant change in soil total enzyme activity index(ETEI).3)Compared with results in 2002,the correlation among soil nutrient,ecological stoichiometric characteristics and soil enzyme activities changed a lot in 2017.4)The principal component analysis of soil nutrient,ecological stoichiometric characteristics and related enzyme activities showed that TP was the main fertility factor in 2002 and 2017,soil C∶P,N∶P,C∶N∶P accounted for the main

关 键 词：土壤生态化学计量特征 土壤酶活性 土壤养分 寒地黑土 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S154[农业科学—农业基础科学]