生产建设项目人为水土流失的生态环境损害评估  

Evaluation on eco-environmental damage of human-caused soil erosion for production and construction projects

作　　者：史东梅[1] 蒋光毅 郭宏忠 彭旭东[4] 夏蕊 张健乐 SHI Dongmei;JIANG Guangyi;GUO Hongzhong;PENG Xudong;XIA Rui;ZHANG Jianle(College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, 400715,Chongqing, China;Chongqing Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Station, 401147, Chongqing, China;Chongqing Municipal Water Resources Bureau, 401147, Chongqing, China;College of Forestry, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]重庆市水土保持监测总站,重庆401147 [3]重庆市水利局,重庆401147 [4]贵州大学林学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2021年第2期71-79,共9页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：重庆市水利局科技项目“生产建设项目弃土弃渣水土流失规律研究”(2012-01);重庆市水利局科技项目“生产建设项目水土流失危害研究”(2013-01)。

摘　　要：生产建设项目人为水土流失是典型的现代人为加速侵蚀。以人为水土流失危害为切入点,以生产建设项目各种扰动下垫面为研究对象,采用现场调查和原位观测方法对扰动地表与土壤植被进行研究分析,提出人为水土流失的生态环境损害评估程序及方法。结果表明:1)人为水土流失造成的生态环境损害主要以土壤结构和土地资源破坏,地表植被退化、局部地表汇流及地下水改变、生态系统服务功能下降以及在项目区及周边诱发洪水、滑坡、泥石流危险为主要表现特征。2)损害评估范式建立的关键环节有水土流失危害生态环境基线及阈值判定、水土流失危害鉴定指标体系建立、生态环境损害因果关系分析、生态环境损害价值量化方法及标准。3)生产建设项目生态环境损害评估应重点关注工程堆积体在暴雨作用下人为崩塌、滑坡和泥石流灾害的危险性、局部地表汇流及地下水改变、硬化路(地)面对降雨径流调节与水源涵养能力的减弱等问题。研究结果可为生产建设项目人为水土流失的生态环境损害评估和生态环境恢复提供思路。[Background]Human-caused soil erosion in production and construction projects is a typical modern accelerated erosion type by human-being.For different production and construction projects,there exists an internal and necessary relationship between human-caused soil erosion and eco-environmental damage where express great differences among disturbed geomorphic units,soil erosion characteristics and hazards.[Methods]Taking various disturbed underlying surfaces of production and construction projects as examples,we studied the characteristics of disturbed surface,soil and vegetation by field investigation and in-situ observation methods,and put forward an evaluation paradigm of eco-environmental damage human-caused soil erosion from the view of hazards of human-caused soil erosion.Economic methods of soil and water conservation were used to calculate the value of eco-environmental damage,and two cases were also used to verify this procedure.[Results]1)Eco-environmental damage from human-caused soil erosion manifest the destruction of soil structure and land resources,degradation of land vegetation,changes of water resources circulation system,decline of ecosystem service functions and the increasing risk of rain-induced floods,landslides,and debris flows.2)The key links for the evaluation system of eco-environmental damage include 4 aspects such as the judgment on soil and water damage and eco-environmental thresholds,establishment of an index system for identification of soil erosion hazards,causal link analysis of eco-environmental damage,and quantification methods and standards for the value of eco-environmental damage.The damage degree to ecological function of disturbed landform in real estate construction project sorted by loose engineering accumulation>slope green belt>construction access road.3)The eco-environmental damage for mining projects are the destruction of surface groundwater circulation system,artificial landslide occurred in accumulation body rain-induced conditions.Damage for real estate constru

关 键 词：人为水土流失 生态环境损害 鉴定评估 水土流失危害 生产建设项目 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]