基于主成分和灰色关联度对全株玉米青贮综合品质的分析  

Analysis of Comprehensive Quality of Whole Plant Corn Silage Based on Principal Component and Grey Correlation Degree

作　　者：任丽娟 陈雅坤 单丽燕[3] 张晓峰[4] 许凤莲 王有月 王思伟[7] 王昆[7] 卜登攀[1] 王建平[2] 赵和平 赵连生[1] REN Lijuan;CHEN Yakun;SHAN Liyan;ZHANG Xiaofeng;XU Fenglian;WANG Youyue;WANG Siwei;WANG Kun;BU Dengpan;WANG Jianping;ZHAO Heping;ZHAO Liansheng(State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,China;National Livestock General Station,Beijing 100125,China;China Animal Agriculture Association,Beijing 100032,China;Dairy Association of China,Beijing 100193,China;Beijing Animal Husbandry Environmental Monitoring Station,Beijing 102200,China;Grain and Oil Crop Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050035,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]河南科技大学动物科技学院,洛阳471000 [3]全国畜牧总站,北京100125 [4]中国畜牧业协会,北京100032 [5]中国奶业协会,北京100193 [6]北京畜牧业环境监测站,北京102200 [7]河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所,石家庄050035

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2021年第4期1211-1221,共11页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0501600);中国农业科学院科技创新工程协同创新任务(CAAS-XTCX2016011-01);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS07);奶牛产业技术体系北京市创新团队(BAIC06-2020);河北省重点研发计划“奶牛粗饲料营养精准评定及高效利用技术研发与集成应用”(19226616D);河北省农林科学院创新工程“不同粗饲料来源奶牛日粮高效利用技术研究”(4-04-03)。

摘　　要：试验旨在综合分析不同地区规模化奶牛养殖场的全株玉米青贮品质,为合理利用全株玉米青贮提供理论依据。分别在黄淮海地区(山东、河南、河北)、长江中下游地区(安徽)、西北地区(陕西、山西、青海、宁夏、甘肃、新疆、内蒙古)、东北地区(黑龙江、吉林、辽宁)、华南地区(广西)、西南地区(云南、贵州)规模化奶牛养殖场采集全株玉米青贮样品,通过近红外光谱技术检测全株玉米青贮品质的相关指标,并运用主成分分析和灰色关联度分析方法对不同地区的全株玉米青贮进行综合分析。结果表明:①不同地区全株玉米青贮的营养成分和发酵品质存在显著差异(P<0.05)。②主成分分析提取了4个主成分,累计贡献率达到82.882%。这4个主成分分别反映了全株玉米青贮的粗纤维、有机酸含量及中性洗涤纤维消化率方面的信息,可以用来衡量不同地区全株玉米青贮的综合品质。不同地区玉米青贮品质由高到低依次是黄淮海、西北、东北、长江中下游、西南、华南地区。③通过灰色关联度分析不同地区全株玉米青贮品质并与理想质量指标比较,得到不同地区玉米青贮品质的等权关联度为0.71308~0.71264。黄淮海地区玉米青贮品质优于西北地区,其次是长江中下游、东北、华南及西南地区。综上所述,主成分分析和灰色关联度分析结果基本一致,黄淮海和西北地区的全株玉米青贮品质较高,华南和西南地区的全株玉米青贮品质较低。基于两种方法建立的全株玉米青贮质量综合评价模型能相互佐证,具有一定的可行性和科学性。The purpose of the experiment was to comprehensively analyze the quality of whole-plant corn silage by principal component analysis and grey correlation,and to provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of whole-plant corn silage.The samples were collected from different large-scale pastures located in Huang-Huai-Hai plain of China(Shandong,Henan,Hebei),the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River(Anhui),the Northwest area(Shaanxi,Shanxi,Qinghai,Ningxia,Gansu,Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia),the Northeast area(Heilongjiang,Jilin,Liaoning),the South China(Guangxi)and Southwest(Yunnan,Guizhou).Relevant indicators of whole-plant corn silage quality in different regions were detected by near-infrared spectroscopy and further comprehensively analyzed by principal component analysis and grey correlation analysis methods.The results showed that:①The nutrient composition and fermentation quality of whole-plant corn silage in different regions were significantly different(P<0.05).②Principal component analysis extracted 4 principal components,and the cumulative contribution rate reached 82.882%.The 4 principal components respectively reflect the content of crude fiber,organic acid,and neutral detergent fiber degradation rate of whole-plant corn silage,and could be used to measure the comprehensive quality of whole-plant corn silage in different regions.The comprehensive quality of whole-plant corn silage in different regions from high to low was Huang-Huai-Hai plain,Northwest,Northeast,middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River,Southwest and South China.③By analyzing the quality of whole-plant corn silage in different regions and comparing with the ideal quality index by grey correlation analysis,the equal weight correlation degree of corn silage quality in different regions was 0.71308-0.71264.The quality of corn silage in Huang-Huai-Hai plain was better than that in Northwest,followed by the Middle and Lower reaches of Yangtze River,Northeast,South China and Southwest.In summary,the results of principal component ana

关 键 词：全株玉米青贮 主成分分析 灰色关联度 青贮品质 综合评价 

分 类 号：S816.6[农业科学—饲料科学]