优化水肥与滴头间距组合对日光温室黄瓜生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Optimal Water,Fertilizer and Interval of Water Dropper Combination on Growth and Yield of Cucumber in Solar Greenhouse

作　　者：王蓉 马玲 郭永婷 田兴武 杨冬艳[3] WANG Rong;MA Ling;GUO Yong-ting;TIAN Xing-wu;YANG Dong-yan(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yingchuan 750021,China;Management Committee of Wuzhong National Agricultural Science and Technology Park,Wuzhong 751100,Ningxia,China;Germplasm Resources Research Institute,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yingchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏吴忠国家农业科技园区管委会,宁夏吴忠751100 [3]宁夏农林科学院种质资源研究所,银川750021

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2021年第4期75-81,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：宁夏科技厅科技支撑计划项目(2016BZ0904);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03509);国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系(CARS-23-G24)。

摘　　要：为探究水肥耦合+滴头间距对宁夏旱区日光温室春夏茬黄瓜生长、产量、品质和水肥利用率的影响。通过3因素3水平正交试验,利用Logistic方程模拟黄瓜株高变化规律,分析了各时期生长特点;利用极差分析和方差分析,研究了水肥耦合+滴头间距影响主次顺序、显著性及变化趋势,同时结合模糊数学隶属函数法对产量和品质指标进行综合评价,筛选最优组合。结果表明:①不同处理下黄瓜株高“S”形生长过程可分为渐增期、速生期、缓增期3个阶段,可用Logistic方程拟合,且相关系数均高达0.97;②春夏茬日光温室黄瓜在采摘期前3个月产量稳定,分别占总产30.19%、29.22%、28.58%,后1个月急剧下降,占总产12%;③3因素影响产量的顺序为灌水量>施肥浓度>滴头间距,灌水量影响显著,施肥浓度和滴头间距影响不显著,产量最高处理为TR1,达144361 kg/hm^(2),比最低处理TR9高44.92%。采用模糊隶属函数进行综合评价,TR2表现最好,平均隶属函数值为0.70。确定因素最优水平组合为:灌水量3040.95 m^(3)/hm^(2)、施肥浓度200倍液(740.55 kg/hm^(2))、滴头间距20 cm,产量为141077.9 kg/hm^(2)。In order to investigate the effects of water,fertilizer and interval of water dropper combination on growth,yield,quality and water fertilizer efficiency of spring/summer cucumber in solar greenhouse in arid areas of Ningxia,a three-factor three-level orthogonal test was conducted to analyze the plant height growth characteristics of each period by Logistic equation.By means of range analysis and variance analysis,the main order,significance and changing trend of the effects of water-fertilizer coupling and emitter spacing were studied.Meanwhile,the yield and quality indexes were comprehensively evaluated by using fuzzy mathematical membership function method to select the optimal combination.The results showed that the plant height of cucumber‘S’-shaped growth process under different treatments can be divided into three stages:increasing period,linear growing period and slowly increasing period,which could be fitted by Logistic equation,and the correlation coefficient was as high as 0.97.The yield of spring/summer cucumber was stable in the first 3 months,accounting for 30.19%,29.22%and 28.58%of the total output respectively.In the following 1 month,the yield dropped sharply,accounting for 12%of the total output.The effect of three factors on yield was shown as irrigation amount>fertilization concentration>interval of water dropper,irrigation amount had significant influence,while fertilization concentration and interval of water dropper had no significant influence.The highest yield treatment was TR1,up to 144361 kg/hm^(2),which was 44.92%higher than the lowest treatment TR9.The fuzzy membership function was used for comprehensive evaluation,the treatment TR2 performed best with an average membership function value of 0.70.The optimal horizontal combination of determining factors was determined as follows:irrigation volume of 3040.95 m^(3)/hm^(2),fertilization concentration of 200 times liquid(740.55 kg/hm^(2)),dropper spacing of 20 cm,and yield of 141077.9 kg/hm^(2).

关 键 词：水肥耦合 滴头间距 日光温室 黄瓜 产量 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] S27