中国地面沉降防治成效与对策建议  

Effectiveness and countermeasures of land subsidence control in China

作　　者：李文鹏[1] 王龙凤 郭海朋[1] 王海刚[1] 王云龙[1] 朱菊艳[1] 臧西胜 Li Wenpeng;Wang Longfeng;Guo Haipeng;Wang Haigang;Wang Yunlong;Zhu Juyan;Zang Xisheng

机构地区：[1]中国地质环境监测院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国水利》2021年第7期32-35,共4页China Water Resources

基　　金：水文地质与水资源调查计划(20230006-06);国家自然科学基金(41877294);京津冀平原地下水与地面沉降野外科学观测研究站。

摘　　要：地面沉降是一种几乎不可逆的缓变性地质灾害,已对多个国家和地区产生严重影响。我国主要地面沉降区分布在华北平原、长江三角洲、汾渭盆地和淮北平原等,主要诱因是过量开采第四系承压水。因此,第四系承压含水层超采治理是区域地面沉降防治的关键。近年来,我国地下水超采治理取得明显成效,地面沉降防治成效初显,长江三角洲地面沉降得到有效遏制,汾渭盆地快速发展态势得到初步遏制,但华北平原防治形势依然严峻,淮北平原仍有加速趋势。此外,沉降区深层地热开采、城市建设基坑降水等因素影响或表层软土体自然固结所致的地面沉降应引起重视。为此,从技术、经济、法律等方面提出了针对性的地面沉降防治对策建议。Land subsidence is a gradual change geological disaster which is almost irreversible.It has already affected many countries and regions.In China,the most severely affected regions distribute in the North China Plain,the Yangtze River delta,the Fen-Wei Basin and the Huaibei Plain,which mainly induced by overpumping groundwater from deep confined aquifer.As a result,it plays a key role to control groundwater overpumping of the confined aquifer for managing regional land subsidence in the quaternary strata.In recent years,prominent effects have been achieved in groundwater overpumping control,and the land subsidence control has already showing results.The land subsidence in the Yangtze River delta has been effectively controlled,the rapid development trend is initially controlled in the Fen-Wei Basin,while the situation is still grim in the North China Plain and the land subsidence rate in the Huaibei Plain is still keep speeding up.Besides,the deep geothermal exploitation in the depression area,foundation pit precipitation during urban construction and the natural consolidation of soft soil should be attracted enough attention.For this reason,some targeted countermeasures and suggestions for preventing land subsidence in terms of technical,economic and legal have been proposed.

关 键 词：地下水超采 地面沉降 防治措施 防治成效 对策建议 

分 类 号：P641.8[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]