黄河下游治理方略的传承与发展  

Inheritance and improvement of the Lower Yellow River control strategies

作　　者：王兆印 刘成 何耘[3] 肖祺[3] WANG Zhao-yin;LIU Cheng;HE Yun;XIAO Qi(School of Civil Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation,Beijing 100084,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学土木水利学院,北京100084 [2]国际泥沙研究培训中心,北京100048 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2021年第1期1-9,共9页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0505400);中国水利水电科学研究院专项(泥基本科研01882001,SC0145B172017)。

摘　　要：中华民族在4 000多年治理黄河的实践中,形成并传承一系列卓越的黄河治理方略,可归纳为"束水攻沙"和"宽河滞沙"两大类。结合对黄河下游河道历史变迁及水沙量演变过程的分析,浅析历史上黄河治理思想与实践的传承与发展。远古的大禹治水、汉代的"贾让三策"和王景治河证明了"宽河滞沙"方略的有效性。明代潘季驯、清代的靳辅和陈潢将"束水攻沙"治河方略付诸治黄实践并取得成功,丰富了治河理论。在王化云"宽河滞沙"治河主导思想的基础上不断完善和发展的人民治黄,实现了新中国成立至今70余年伏秋大汛不决口的奇迹。在黄河水沙量与过程发生了重大变化的今天,迫切需要探索黄河水沙运动和演变规律的新变化,制定新水沙条件下的黄河治理方略。A series of strategies of the Yellow River management have been proposed and inherited in China through out over 4,000 years practices in the Yellow River management,which can be categorized intotwo extremely different strategies,as the "wide river and sediment deposition"strategy and the "narrow river and scour sediment"strategies. Along with introduction and analysis of historical migration and historical changes in runoff and sediment loads of the Lower Yellow River,the inheritance and debates of the Yellow River control ideas and practices are summarized in brief. Da-Yu controlled floods in ancient Xia Dynasty. Three river harnessing strategies proposed by Jia Rang and practice of the Yellow River controlling by Wang Jing in the Han Dynasty proved the effectiveness of the "wide river and depositing sediment"strategy. The successes of applying the "narrow river and scouring sediment"strategy into the Yellow River management practices by Pan Jixun in the Ming Dynasty,Jin Fu and Chen Huang in the Qing Dynasty enriched the river control theory. The modern Yellow River controlling practices since 1946 have been constantly improved and developed,based on dominant idea of "wide river and depositing sediment"strategy by Wang Huayun. There have being no levee breaches since the founding of New China in 1949. At a time when the runoff and sediment discharges of the Yellow River have undergone significant changes. There is an urgent need to explore new progresses in the dynamics of flow and sediment movement and evolution of the Yellow River. The new strategies of the river management under the changed flow and sediment conditions should be decided.

关 键 词：黄河 治理方略 束水攻沙 宽河滞沙 

分 类 号：TV882.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]