滴灌水肥一体化对小麦产量和品质及水肥利用的影响  

Effects of drip fertigation on wheat yield,grain quality and water-fertilizer use efficiency

作　　者：张丽霞[1,2,3] 尹钧 武继承[1,4,5] 杨永辉[1,4,5] 潘晓莹[1,4,5] ZHANG Lixia;YIN Jun;WU Jicheng;YANG Yonghui;PAN Xiaoying(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China;National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China;Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046, China;Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yuanyang 453514, China;Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water Saving Agriculture in the Yellow River Basir Henan Province, Yuanyang 453514,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450046 [3]河南财经政法大学,河南郑州450046 [4]农业农村部作物高效用水原阳科学观测实验站,河南原阳453514 [5]河南省黄河流域节水农业野外科学观测研究站,河南原阳453514

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2021年第2期206-213,共8页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301102,2018YFD0300703)。

摘　　要：为探讨滴灌条件下水肥一体化对小麦产量和品质及水肥利用的影响,于2016—2018年2个小麦生长季,利用田间试验,设置3个氮(N)肥水平:N1为180 kg·hm^(-2),N2为240 kg·hm^(-2),N3为270 kg·hm^(-2);3个水分(W)水平:W1为生育期不灌水,W2为生育期灌2次水,W3为生育期灌3次水。结果表明,连续2 a,与W1N1处理相比,W3N2处理下小麦平均株高、穗长和千粒质量均表现最优,小麦平均产量以W3N2和W3N3处理下较高,分别增产31.88%和15.28%。适宜的水肥处理对滴灌小麦品质具有促进作用,可以提高小麦子粒可溶性糖、淀粉和蛋白质含量,但水和氮量过多会降低小麦子粒可溶性糖和淀粉含量。与W1N1处理相比,W3N2处理下小麦子粒平均可溶性糖、直链淀粉和支链淀粉分别提高29.69%,34.57%和18.66%;小麦子粒平均蛋白质含量在W3N2和W3N3处理下增长最多,分别增加47.03%和40.99%。从小麦水肥利用来看,小麦平均水分利用效率和氮肥利用效率以W3N2处理最高,与W1N1处理相比,分别提高11.70%和12.34%。综合考虑,滴灌水肥一体化下以W3N2处理表现最佳,即小麦施纯氮240 kg·hm^(-2),底施60%纯氮、拔节期追施25%纯氮和灌浆期追施15%纯氮,且在小麦拔节期、开花期和灌浆期进行3次灌水的处理能够实现小麦高产、高效、优质的统一。In order to explore the effects ofdrip fertigation on wheat yield,grain quality and water-fertilizer use efficiency,a field experiment was carried out with three nitrogen(N)fertilizer levels(N1:180 kg·hm^(-2),N2:240 kg·hm^(-2) and N3:270 kg·hm^(-2))and three water(W)levels(W1 has no irrigation at the growth stage,W2 has two times irrigation at the growth stage,and W3 has three times irrigation at the growth stage)in two wheat growing seasons(2016—2018).The results showed that the W3N2 treatment significantly increased average plant height,ear length and 1000-grain weight of wheat among all treatments for two consecutive years.Compared with W1N1treatment,W3N2 and W3N3 treatments increased the average wheat yield by 31.88%and 15.28%,respectively.Suitable water and fertilizer treatment could promote wheat quality under drip irrigation,and could improve the content of soluble sugar,starch and protein in wheat grains,but excessive N application resulted in decreases in the content of soluble sugar and starch in wheat grains.Compared with W1N1treatment,W3N2 treatmentincreased the average content of soluble sugar,amylose starchand amylose starchin wheat grains by 29.69%,34.57%and 18.66%,respectively.The W3N2 and W3N3 treatmentsincreased the average protein content in wheat grain by 47.03%and 40.99%,respectively.According to the water-fertilizer utilization,water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat were the highest in W3N2 treatment,and compared with W1N1 treatment,the W3N2 treatment increased the average water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat by 11.70%and 12.34%,respectively.Comprehensive analysis show that the W3N2 treatment had the best performance under drip fertigation,in which N was applied at the rate of 240 kg·hm^(-2)with basal application 60%and topdressing 25%at jointing stage and 15%at the filling stage,respectively,and three times irrigation at the jointing stage,flowering stage and filling stage under the drip fertigation,which could achieve the unification of high yi

关 键 词：小麦 滴灌 水肥一体化 产量 品质 水肥利用 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]