基于遥感和地理信息系统的内蒙古呼日查干淖尔地区生态脆弱性评价  

Ecological Vulnerability Assessment in Huri Chagannoor of Inner Mongolia Based on RS and GIS Technology

作　　者：周玲美 王世航[1] 权玲 ZHOU Ling-mei;WANG Shi-hang;QUAN Ling(School of Surveying and Mapping,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学空间信息与测绘工程学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2021年第4期484-491,共8页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31700369)。

摘　　要：随着全球气候变化和人类活动干扰,各地区的生态脆弱性日益显著。综合自然条件和人为干扰对内蒙古呼日查干淖尔地区生态脆弱性的影响,选取地形、植被、土壤、气象和土地利用等8个指标,基于遥感(RS)和地理信息(GIS)技术,运用层次分析法、熵权法和综合指数法构建生态脆弱性评价模型,对该区域2010年和2017年的生态脆弱性状况进行综合、定量的分析。研究表明:(1)呼日查干淖尔地区2010和2017年的综合生态脆弱性指数分别为3.5166和3.2350,生态脆弱性均整体处于中等偏高水平,但生态状况总体呈好转态势;(2)该区域的潜在脆弱和轻度脆弱区主要分布在湖泊、河流流域和呼日查干淖尔湖南部的高植被覆盖区,中度脆弱区一般在低植被覆盖区和干涸湖盆处,重度脆弱区和极度脆弱区主要分布在研究区东、西部和北部的裸地处;(3)呼日查干淖尔湖以北的大部分区域生态脆弱性等级高于以南区域,但研究期间北部的生态脆弱性等级出现大面积降低,由极度脆弱向中度和轻度脆弱转移;(4)受自然因素和人为因素共同作用,呼日查干淖尔地区生态脆弱性指数具有较强的空间自相关特征。With the global climate change and the interference of human activities,the ecological vulnerability of various regions has become increasingly prominent.In this study,according to the natural conditions and artificial interference on ecological vulnerability in Huri Chagannoor of Inner Mongolia,eight indexes such as topography,vegetation,soil,meteorology and land use etc.were selected.Based on RS and GIS technology,the analytic hierarchy process(AHP),entropy weight method and comprehensive index method were used to construct the ecological vulnerability assessment model,and the ecological vulnerability of this region in 2010 and 2017 was comprehensively and quantitatively analyzed.The results show that:(1)in 2010 and 2017,the integrated ecological vulnerability index was 3.5166 and 3.2350,respectively.The overall ecological vulnerability was in the medium and high level,but the ecological status was generally improved;(2)The regions with potential and mild vulnerability were mainly in the lake,river basins and high vegetation coverage areas in the south of the lake,that with moderate vulnerability generally in low vegetation coverage areas and dry lake basins,and that with severe and extreme vulnerability mainly in the bare land in the east,west and north of the study area;(3)The ecological vulnerability level of most areas to the north of the lake was higher than that of the south.However,during the study period,the ecological vulnerability level of the north decreased in a large area,and shifting from extreme vulnerability to moderate and mild vulnerability;(4)Due to the interaction of natural and human factors,the ecological vulnerability of Huri Chagannoor showed strong spatial autocorrelation characteristics.

关 键 词：生态脆弱性 遥感 地理信息系统 呼日查干淖尔地区 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程]