动物粪便堆肥厂不同工作区空气中细菌和条件致病菌污染特征研究  

Characteristics of Airborne Bacteria and Human Pathogenic Bacteria in Different Working Areas of Animal Manure Composting Plant

作　　者：杨梓晔 张卓毅 孙兴滨[1] 高敏[2] 王旭明[2] YANG Zi-ye;ZHANG Zhuo-yi;SUN Xing-bin;GAO Min;WANG Xu-ming(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Beijing Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Beijing Monitoring Station for Animal Husbandry Environment,Beijing 102200,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]北京市农林科学院北京农业生物技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]北京市畜牧业环境监测站,北京102200

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2021年第4期526-533,共8页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51878053);家禽产业技术体系北京市创新团队专项(BAIC04-2020);北京市农林科学院科技能力创新专项(KJCX20200402)。

摘　　要：动物粪便堆肥厂逸散的空气中富含多种细菌,不同工作区域逸散的微生物种类和丰度存在一定差异。针对以上问题,对动物粪便堆肥厂堆肥区、包装区和办公区的空气样本进行采集,对比分析以上3个区域空气中的细菌生物多样性和群落结构,以及不同区域人类条件致病菌的相对丰度差异。结果表明,堆肥区、包装区和办公区的空气中优势细菌门分布规律整体相似,但具体优势菌门的相对丰度存在区域差异。前3个优势门均为厚壁菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门,共有优势菌属为不动杆菌属和棒状杆菌属。办公区空气细菌丰富度和细菌多样性最高。3个区域空气中细菌群落存在显著差异,堆肥区与包装区细菌菌门群落结构更为相似。办公区空气中特有菌属和菌门比例均为最高。3个区共有微生物分析结果显示,在堆肥区共有菌门和菌属所占的比例均为最高,分别为85.19%和85.14%。不同区域空气中条件致病菌群落结构差异并不显著,不动杆菌属相对丰度最高。在堆肥区和包装区空气中分别检测到了2种人类条件致病菌相对丰度与办公区呈显著正相关,而堆肥区和包装区空气中没有检测到相对丰度与办公区呈显著相关的人类条件致病菌。该研究结果可为堆肥厂不同区域空气的健康风险评估提供基础数据。The air emitted from animal manure composting plants is usually rich in many kinds of bacteria which can include human pathogenic bacteria,and can significantly influence the types and abundance of bacteria that are present in different areas of the composting plant usually not assumed to be affected.In this study,air samples from the composting area,packaging area and office area of an animal manure composting plant were collected.Bacterial diversity and community structure in the air samples from the above three areas were compared,and the regional differences in the relative abundance of human pathogenic bacteria were also analyzed.The results show that the distribution of dominant bacteria in the air of composting area,packing area and office area were almost similar to each other,but there were regional differences in the relative abundance of certain dominant bacteria.Generally,the first three dominant bacterial phylum were Firmicutes,Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria,and the dominant bacterial genera were Acinetobacter and Corynebacterium.Both the highest richness and diversity of airborne bacteria were detected in office area.There were significant differences in the airborne bacterial community in the three regions,and the bacterial community structure in the composting area was more similar to that in the packaging area.The bacterial communities in the air of the three regions were significantly different,and the bacterial phyla communities in the composting area and the packaging area were more similar.The proportion of endemic bacterial genera and phylum in the air of office area was the highest.The results of microbiological analysis show that the proportion of common bacterial phyla and genera in the composting area was the highest,to be 85.19%and 85.14%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the structure of human pathogenic bacteria in the air of different regions,and the relative abundance of Acinetobacter was the highest.The relative abundance of two types of human opportunistic pat

关 键 词：堆肥厂 空气细菌 条件致病菌 细菌多样性 群落结构 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]