新冠肺炎疫情防控知识、技能和心理状况调查分析  

A Survey on Chinese Public's COVID-19 Prevention and Control Knowledge,Skills and Psychological and Behavioral Symptoms

作　　者：贾艳[1] 王超[2] 朱士俊[3] 尹金淑[1] 张国平[1] 田向阳[4] 卢祖洵[5] JIA Yan;WANG Chao;TIAN Xiangyang(Beijing Shijitan Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing,100038,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院,北京100038 [2]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100013 [3]中国人民解放军总医院,北京100039 [4]中国健康教育中心,北京100011 [5]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院,湖北武汉430030

出　　处：《中国社会医学杂志》2021年第2期172-175,共4页Chinese Journal of Social Medicine

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18 ZDA085)。

摘　　要：目的了解居民新冠肺炎疫情防控的知识、技能和心理行为状况,为疫情防控的居民宣教和心理干预提供科学依据。方法使用自制问卷,采用方便抽样法抽取调查对象,使用自制电子问卷进行调查。所有数据使用SPSS 21.0进行统计分析,定量资料进行方差分析和t检验。结果收到447份有效问卷中,男性占51.90%,女性占48.10%。调查对象的平均年龄(38.20±13.00)岁。新冠肺炎防控知识和技能得分均为(5.31±1.56)分,女性得分高于男性(P<0.05),28岁~和38岁~年龄组高于其他年龄组(P<0.05);大专或大学组和医疗卫生人员组高于其他组(P<0.05),农民组低于其他组(P<0.05)。91.50%的调查对象报告自己的防控知识和技能主要来源于新闻发布。调查对象阳性心理行为症状的总评分为(0.85±1.17)分。93.96%的调查对象认为最终会彻底控制此次疫情,但44.52%的调查对象过去两周出现阳性心理症状,出现焦虑、偏执、强迫、躯体化、恐怖、抑郁症状的分别占24.38%、24.83%、22.82%、3.36%、6.94%、2.24%。结论居民中大多数已掌握新冠肺炎防控的基本知识和技能,文化程度较低者和农村居民应作为后续宣教的重点人群。应重视实施大众心理疏导和干预。疫情新闻发布工作和网络媒体较好地发挥了公众沟通的作用。Objective To learn about the public's knowledge,skills,psychological and behavioral status relating to the prevention and control of COVID-19,so as to provide scientific evidence for public education and psychological intervention.Methods Self-designed questionnaires were used to conduct online survey through WeChat and the study subject were selected by convenience sampling.All data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0,and all quantitative data was analyzed by statistical method of analysis of variance and T-test.Results 447 valid questionnaires were received,with 51.90%males and 48.10%females.The age of the respondents was 38.20±13.00 years old.The ave-rage score of knowledge and skills for prevention and control of COVID-19 was 5.31±1.56,with women scored higher than men(P<0.05),people in 28 or above and 38 or above age groups higher than other age groups(P<0.05).Higher scores were also achieved by college/university education group and healthcare personnel group(P<0.05).Farmers scored lower than other groups(P<0.05).91.50%of the respondents reported that their know-ledge of prevention and control came mainly from press conference.The average score of positive psychological and behavioral symptoms was 0.85±1.17.93.96%of the respondents believed that China would eventually completely contain the epidemic,however,44.52%of the respondents showed positive symptoms in the past two weeks.24.38%,24.83%,22.82%,3.36%,6.94%and 2.24%showed symptoms of anxiety,paranoia,compulsion,somatization,panic and depression,respectively.Conclusion The majority of the public have mastered the basic knowledge and skills for the prevention and control of COVID-19.People with lower education and rural residents should be taken as the target population in future health communication.The attention should be paid to the implementation of public psychological counseling and intervention.China's press conference and Internet media have played a good role in public communication.

关 键 词：新冠肺炎 知识和技能 心理行为状况 新闻发布 

分 类 号：R563.1[医药卫生—呼吸系统] R395.6[医药卫生—内科学]