杭州市中小学生视力不良状况及影响因素研究  

Study on the Status of Poor Eyesight and Its Influencing Factors among Primary and Middle School Students in Hangzhou

作　　者：朱冰[1] 刘辉[1] 李莉[1] 施文英[1] 郝莉[1] ZHU Bing;LIU Hui;LI Li(Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou,310021,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市疾病预防控制中心,浙江杭州310021

出　　处：《中国社会医学杂志》2021年第2期176-179,共4页Chinese Journal of Social Medicine

基　　金：杭州市科委农业与社会发展科研项目(20170533B75)。

摘　　要：目的了解杭州市中小学生视力低下流行现状,为增强中小学生保护视力的意识和促进儿童青少年视力健康提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,对2018年杭州市城区与郊县的中小学生视力状况进行监测。采用GB/T 26343-2010裸眼远视力检测方法,以裸眼远视力低于5.0为视力低下。采用SPSS 18.0软件对监测的中小学生视力状况进行统计分析,使用Logistic回归分析探究影响视力低下的危险因素。结果共调查2915名中小学生,检出视力低下者2292名,视力低下率为78.6%。研究发现,来自城市的、高年级、女童视力低下检出率较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistics回归分析结果显示,父母近视(OR2.33,95%CI1.73~3.14,P<0.05)、屏幕使用时间一周超过4小时(OR2.55,95%CI1.18~5.52,P<0.05)、眼保健操次数每日仅一次(OR1.80,95%CI1.23~2.64,P<0.05)的儿童出现视力低下的风险增加。结论杭州市中小学生视力低下情况较为严重,远远高于全国及其他省市区的平均水平。应加强儿童青少年视力不良防控工作,防治的重点人群为小学和初中阶段的学生。Objective To understand the prevalence of poor eyesight in primary and secondary school students in Hangzhou,and to provide a theoretical basis for enhancing the awareness of primary and secondary school students to protect their eyesight and to promote the ophthalmology health of children and adolescents.Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was used to monitor the eyesight status of primary and middle school students in urban and suburban counties in Hangzhou in 2018.According to the GB/T 26343-2010 naked eye far vision test method,the naked eye far vision less than 5.0 was defined as poor eyesight.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 software.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors of poor eyesight.Results Among 2915 primary and secondary school students,2292 students had poor eyesight,and the detection rate was 78.6%.Compared with children with normal eyesight,children with poor eyesight tended to be from cities,old and girls(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis suggested that children with myopia parents(OR:2.33,95%CI:1.73~3.14,P<0.05),screen use time more than 4 hours a week(OR:2.55,95%CI:1.18~5.52,P<0.05),and eye exercises once a day(OR:1.80,95%CI:1.23~2.64,P<0.05)were at increased risk of poor eyesight.Conclusion The high rate of poor eyesight among primary and secondary school students in Hangzhou is more serious than that of the national and other provinces and municipalities.The prevention and control of poor eyesight for children and adolescents should be strengthened,and the key populations should be students in the junior high school.

关 键 词：视力低下 影响因素 中小学生 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]