覆盖材料对旱稻生长环境的影响及其产量效应  

Effects of coverings on the growth environment and yield of aerobic rice

作　　者：张杰瑜[1] 马友华 时光宇[4] 高大林[3] 陆笑舒 鲁洪娟 ZHANG Jieyu;MA Youhua;SHI Guangyu;GAO Dalin;LU Xiaoshu;LU Hongjuan(School of City Construction,Lu’an Vocational Technical College,Lu’an,Anhui 237158,China;Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention,Hefei,Anhui 230036,China;School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei,Anhui 230036,China;The General Irrigation Experiment Station of Pishihang Irrigation Area of Anhui Province,Lu’an,Anhui 237158,China)

机构地区：[1]六安职业技术学院城市建设学院,安徽六安237158 [2]农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥230036 [3]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥230036 [4]安徽省淠史杭灌区灌溉试验总站,安徽六安237158

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第2期219-224,共6页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室开放基金项目(FECPP201905);天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室开放基金项目(2019-01);安徽省自然科学基金项目(1608085QD86)。

摘　　要：设置地膜覆盖、小麦秸秆覆盖、油菜壳覆盖、青草覆盖和无覆盖(对照)共5个处理,通过田间随机区组试验,研究4种覆盖材料对旱稻田间生长环境、氮肥利用情况及产量的影响。结果表明:4种覆盖材料均具有较好的保墒作用,小麦秸秆、油菜壳和青草3种覆盖材料在有效保墒的同时,又可较好地利用天然降水;地膜覆盖可明显增加旱稻的土壤温度,而小麦秸秆、油菜壳和青草覆盖则可保持土壤温度处于相对较稳定的范围;4种覆盖材料均不同程度增加了土壤的速效氮、有效磷、速效钾质量分数,提高了土壤肥力,尤其是小麦秸秆覆盖和油菜壳覆盖处理的速效氮、有效磷、速效钾质量分数均显著高于对照的;地膜覆盖、小麦秸秆覆盖、油菜壳覆盖、青草覆盖处理的旱稻较对照分别增产9.9%、16.9%、22.5%、8.5%。综合本研究中旱稻田间生长环境和产量因子各要素,油菜壳覆盖具有较好的吸水、保水、隔热作用,同时可较好的利用天然降水,增强旱稻种植时土壤涵养水分、养分的能力,是当地旱稻覆盖材料的最佳选择,小麦秸秆次之。To understand the effect of different coverings on the field environment and nitrogen using efficiency of aerobic rice,five treatments used plastic film,wheat straw,rapeseed hull,grass,and uncovered bare land as control with 3 replicates were applied to aerobic rice.The results indicated that plastic film mulching had good warming and water retention effects.Wheat straw,rapeseed hull and grass mulching were affective for good heat insulation and water retention.It also had effective utilization for rainwater.It was found that all these coverings did well in promoting the growth quality and increasing the yield of aerobic rice.Rice yields increased by 9.9%,16.9%,22.5%and 8.5%comparing to no coverings.Four coverings increased the available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents of the soil,and improved soil fertility.Among all the coverings,wheat straw and rapeseed hull had the best effect on supplying fertilizer.Take all the factors for growth and yield in this study into consideration,the rapeseed hull is the best choice of dry cover for aerobic rice,and then is by wheat straw.

关 键 词：旱稻 地膜 小麦秸秆 油菜壳 青草 生长环境 速效养分 氮素积累量 产量 

分 类 号：S511.6[农业科学—作物学]