倾转四旋翼飞行器垂直飞行状态气动特性  

Aerodynamic characteristics of quad tilt rotor aircraft in vertical flight

作　　者：王军杰 俞志明 陈仁良[1] 王志瑾[1] 陆嘉鑫 WANG Junjie;YU Zhiming;CHEN Renliang;WANG Zhijin;LU Jiaxin(National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Rotorcraft Aeromechanics,College of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学航空学院直升机旋翼动力学国家级重点实验室,南京210016

出　　处：《航空动力学报》2021年第2期249-263,共15页Journal of Aerospace Power

基　　金：江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目;国家自然科学基金(11672128);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX200217)。

摘　　要：综合采用基于滑移网格技术的计算流体力学(CFD)方法与悬停状态气动干扰试验方法,对倾转四旋翼(QTR)飞行器垂直飞行状态的流场进行模拟与试验,研究飞行器垂直飞行状态气动特性以及部分参数对气动特性的影响。结果表明:倾转四旋翼飞行器在垂直飞行状态,前后旋翼之间干扰不明显,但旋翼与机翼的干扰明显;旋翼旋向对旋翼与机翼的干扰不同,右旋时,机翼气动力占旋翼拉力的15%,左旋时占旋翼拉力的9%;飞行器在垂直运动过程中,会引起在前飞方向的分力和低/抬头力矩变化;飞行器在垂直下降过程中,旋翼会进入涡环状态,机翼的存在有效降低了涡环状态的破坏作用,涡环降低气流对机翼翼尖冲击作用。该结果有助于飞行器的设计与安全飞行。The computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method based on unstructured grid sliding grid technology and the experiment method of aerodynamic interference were used to simulate the flow field of the quad tilt rotor(QTR) aircraft in helicopter mode. The aerodynamic characteristics of the QTR aircraft in vertical flight and the effect of some parameters on the aerodynamic characteristics were studied. Results showed that the interference between the front and rear rotors of the QTR aircraft was not obvious, but the interference between the rotor and the wing was greater;the interference of the rotor rotation direction on the rotor and the wing was different, the aerodynamic force of the wing accounted for 15% of the rotor thrust in the right rotation, and 9% of the rotor thrust in the left rotation;during the vertical motion of the QTR aircraft, the rotor lift and torque change could cause changes in component force and low/head-up torque in the forward direction;during the vertical descent of the QTR aircraft, the rotor could enter into the vortex ring state. The presence of the wing effectively reduced the destructive effect of the vortex ring state, and the vortex ring reduced the impact of the airflow on the wing tip.

关 键 词：倾转四旋翼(QTR)飞行器 计算流体力学(CFD) 喷泉效应 涡环状态 气动干扰 

分 类 号：V212.44[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]