共享单车调度优化问题研究  

Research on Scheduling Optimization Problem of Shared Bikes

作　　者：李珍萍[1] 刘璐 王晨 LI Zhen-ping;LIU Lu;WANG Chen(School of Information,Beijing Wuzi University,Beijing 101149,China)

机构地区：[1]北京物资学院信息学院,北京101149

出　　处：《数学的实践与认识》2021年第6期30-40,共11页Mathematics in Practice and Theory

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71771028);北京自然科学基金(Z180005);北京市属高校高水平科研创新团队建设项目(IDHT20180510);北京市科技创新服务能力建设—高精尖学科建设项目。

摘　　要：针对共享单车站点经常出现的供需不平衡问题,提出人工调度策略,以提高单车利用率和用户满足率.首先将一天划分为几个用车高峰时段,根据每个站点的单车使用历史数据,计算各站点在每个时段的需求量区间;在区域内单车总投放量不变的前提下,基于每个时段初期各个站点存放的单车数量,确定单车调出站点和单车调入站点,进一步以站点之间的单车调度数量为决策变量,建立共享单车调度问题的整数规划模型,使区域内各个单车站点的供需量基本达到平衡,并且总调度成本最小.利用北京市海淀区共享单车数据进行模拟计算,对比分析了调度优化前后的共享单车利用率和用户满足率.结果显示,调度优化后,单车利用率平均提高7.78%,用户满足率平均提高13.09%;综合考虑企业调度成本和收入情况可以发现,通过调度优化,企业的平均利润增长率为7.53%.本文的研究结果可以帮助共享单车企业提升管理水平,增加利润.In view of the imbalance between supply and demand that often occurs in the shared bicycle stations,a manual scheduling strategy for shared bicycles is proposed to improve the utilization rate of bicycles and the satisfaction rate of users.Firstly,a day is divided into several peak periods.According to the historical data of shared bikes used by each station in each period,the demand interval of each station in each period is calculated.Given the total number of bikes in the region,based on the number of shared bikes stored at each station at the beginning of each period,the stations are partitioned into supply stations,demand stations and balance stations.Furthermore,the integer programming model of shared bike scheduling problem is established by taking the number of bike scheduling among stations as the decision variables,so as to balance the supply and demand of each bike station in the region and minimize the total scheduling cost.Using the data of shared bikes in Haidian District of Beijing for simulation calculation.The utilization rate and user satisfaction rate of shared bikes before and after scheduling optimization were compared and analyzed.The results show that after scheduling optimization,the utilization rate of shared bikes increases by 7.78% on average,and the user satisfaction rate increases by 13.09% on average.Taking into account the scheduling cost and revenue of the enterprise,it can be found that the average profit growth rate is 7.53% through scheduling optimization.The research results of this paper can help bike-sharing enterprises improve their management level and increase their profits.

关 键 词：共享单车 人工调度 整数规划 单车利用率 用户满足率 

分 类 号：U491.225[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]