鞭腿技术引发踝关节外侧副韧带急性损伤风险的运动学特征分析  

Kinematic Feature Analysis of the Risk of Acute Injury of the Lateral Collateral Ligament Caused by Whip Leg

作　　者：曹佩芳[1] 苏健蛟 CAO Peifang;SU Jianjian(School of Wushu,Wuhan Sports University,wuhan 430079,China;Research Centre for Northeast Asian Ethnic Traditional Sports,Wuhan Sports University,wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉体育学院武术学院,武汉430079 [2]武汉体育学院东北亚民族传统体育研究中心,武汉430079

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2021年第2期219-225,共7页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17BTY110);国家体育总局武术研究院项目(WSH2019B016);武汉体育学院东湖学者计划资助项目;湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划(T201925)。

摘　　要：目的通过观察不同运动等级散打运动员在使用鞭腿技术动作时,支撑腿踝关节运动学特征所出现的差异,探求运动学特征与外侧副韧带急性损伤风险的关系。方法运用VICON Nexus 3D红外运动捕捉系统和Kistler地面测力系统,对23名不同运动等级男子散打运动员在使用鞭腿技术时支撑腿踝关节的动作轨迹进行采集,依据运动链原理将运动轨迹划分为启动、击打、回收3个时段,利用VICON Polygon分析软件对每个时段踝关节的角度、角速度、位移、时间、速度等特征进行分析。结果在击打过程中,不同运动等级运动员踝关节的运动方向一致,踝关节的活动度却出现了差异,启动和回收时段的内翻角度存在显著性(P<0.05);一般运动员踝关节的动作时间、位移均大于优秀运动员,启动时段的动作时间、上下位移、动作速度存在显著性(P<0.05)。结论不同运动等级散打运动员支撑腿踝关节的运动学特征存在显著性差异,优秀运动员踝关节运动轨迹的稳定性整体上好于一般运动员;运动学特征与引发外侧副韧带急性损伤风险存有关联,一般运动员因踝关节活动度相对较大,引发外侧副韧带急性损伤的风险也相对较高;启动时段是引发踝关节外侧副韧带急性损伤风险的最大时段。Objective By observing the differences in the kinematic characteristics of the supporting leg and ankle joint in Sanda athletes of different levels when using the whip-leg skill, the purpose is to explore the relationship between the kinematic characteristics and the risk of acute injury of the lateral collateral ligament. Methods VICON Nexus 3 D infrared motion capture system and Kistler ground force measuring system were used to collect the ankle movement tracks of 23 Sanda athletes of different levels when using the whip-leg skill. According to the kinematic chain principle, the motion trajectory was divided into three periods: starting, hitting and recovering, and the VICON Polygon analytical software was used to analyze the characteristics of angle, angular velocity, displacement, time and speed of the ankle joint in each period. Results In the process of hitting, the ankles′ movement direction of different sports levels was consistent, but the movement amplitudes differed. The varus amplitudes in the starting and recovering periods were conspicuous(P<0.05).The movement time of the average athlete is longer and the displacement of the average athlete is bigger than those of elite athletes, and the up and down displacement, the movement time and speed in the starting period were conspicuous(P<0.05).Conclusion The study shows that the kinematic characteristics of the ankle joint in Sanda athletes of different levels are significantly different, and the stability of the ankle joint of excellent athletes is better than that of average athletes. The kinematic characteristics have a lot to do with the risk of acute injury of the lateral collateral ligament, and the average athlete has a higher risk of acute injury of the lateral collateral ligament than the excellent athlete. The greatest risk of acute injury to the lateral collateral ligament in the ankle lies in the hitting period.

关 键 词：鞭腿技术 外侧副韧带 损伤风险 运动学特征 

分 类 号：G804.53[文化科学—运动人体科学]