变海拔环境下离心压气机叶轮多场应力响应  

Multi-field Stress Response of Centrifugal Compressor Impeller in Variable Altitude Environment

作　　者：洪舟振森 张虹[1] 马朝臣[1] 吴新涛[2] HONG Zhouzhensen;ZHANG Hong;MA Chaochen;WU Xintao(School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;Science and Technology on Diesel Engine Turbocharging Laboratory, China North Engine Research Institute, Tianjin 300400, China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京100081 [2]中国北方发动机研究所柴油机增压技术重点实验室,天津300400

出　　处：《兵工学报》2021年第3期478-486,共9页Acta Armamentarii

摘　　要：针对车用涡轮增压器离心压气机叶轮在变海拔环境下可能出现的静强度失效问题,开展了叶轮在变海拔环境下多场载荷及应力响应的变化规律研究。采用单向稳态流体与固体耦合的方法,计算了叶轮在气动载荷、热载荷以及离心载荷作用下的单场应力以及多场耦合应力。结果表明:在真实流量、真实转速不变,仅根据海拔高度不同改变进气压力与进气温度时,叶轮进口流动角随着海拔升高而增加,导致高海拔环境下长叶片前缘静压差较大,最大气动应力从长叶片尾缘转移到前缘,叶轮的热载荷、热应力以及最大多场耦合应力随海拔升高而减小;在增压发动机工况不变时,随着海拔的升高,叶轮气动应力与热应力的绝对变化较小,压气机转速上升带来较大的离心应力增幅,进而导致耦合应力的增加。The change laws of multi-field load and stress response of turbocharger centrifugal compressor impeller are studied for the static strength failure of impeller in a variable altitude environment.The unidirectional steady-state fluid-structure interaction method is used to calculate the single-field stress and multi-field coupling stress of impeller under aerodynamic,thermal,and centrifugal loads.The results indicate that,when only the inlet pressure and inlet temperature are changed according to the altitude without changing the true flow rate and the true revolving speed,the flow angle at impeller inlet increases with altitude,resulting in a larger static pressure difference on the leading edge of the long blade;and the maximum aerodynamic stress is then transferred from the trailing edge to the leading edge of the long blade.In the same case,the thermal load,thermal stress and maximum coupling stress decrease with altitude.When the working conditions of the supercharged engine remain unchanged,with the increase in altitude,the absolute changes in the aerodynamic and thermal stresses of the impeller are small,and the increase in the compressor speed brings a large increase in the centrifugal stress,which in turn leads to an increase in coupling stress.

关 键 词：涡轮增压器 变海拔 离心压气机叶轮 多场耦合 应力分析 

分 类 号：TK421.8[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]