建党百年来中国居民消费升级路径及未来新消费趋势  

The Upgrading Path of Chinese Residents’ Consumption since the Founding of the Communist Party of China and the New Consumption Trend in the Future

作　　者：刘敏[1] LIU Min(Regional Economic and Green Development Institute,Hunan Academy of Social Sciences,Changsha 410003,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省社会科学院区域经济与绿色发展研究所,湖南长沙410003

出　　处：《经济体制改革》2021年第2期5-12,共8页Reform of Economic System

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中华人民共和国居民消费史(19492019)”(19ZDA058);国家社会科学基金一般项目“全面小康时代新兴消费力发展研究”(20STA033)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：中国共产党成立百年来,我国居民消费不断升级:在消费层次上遵循生存型→稳量型→扩量型→提质型消费的路径,在消费形态上遵循食物型→实物型→服务型消费的路径,在消费方式上遵循苦难型→传统型→新型消费的路径。以人民为中心的扩大需求政策、以国强民富为目标的经济体制改革以及与消费需求相适应的有效供给增长是推动我国居民消费升级的主要动力。未来,我国居民消费升级的趋势是新消费。满足新消费需求,需重视制度创新和政策优化。应立足"中国制造"自主可控新要求,推进新消费领域供给侧结构性改革;注重应用创新和基础创新的有机结合,完善新消费科技创新体制机制;不断优化收入分配政策,促进新消费有效需求实现;构建新基建均衡发展机制,逐步改善新消费环境。Since the Communist Party of China was founded one hundred years ago, chinese residents’ consumption has been continuously rising: in the consumption level, following the path of the necessity to steady quantity to enlarge quantity model, in the consumption patterns, following the path of the food consumption to physical object consumption to service consumption, and in the consumption types, following the path of suffering to traditional to new consumption. The people-centered policy of expanding demand, the economic system reform with the goal of strengthening the country and enriching the people, and the effective supply growth in line with the consumption demand are the main driving forces for the upgrading of Chinese residents’ consumption. In the future, the trend of upgrading consumption of Chinese residents is new consumption. To meet the new consumption demand, it is necessary to attach great importance to its system innovation and policy optimization. We shouldl focus on promoting the supply-side reform of new consumption fields based on the new "Made in China" independent and controllable requirements;focus on the combination of application innovation and basic innovation to improve system and mechanism of new consumer technology innovation;continuously optimize the income distribution policy to promote the realization of effective demand for new consumption;build a balanced development mechanism for new infrastructure to gradually improve the new consumption environment.

关 键 词：建党百年 消费升级 新消费 制度创新 

分 类 号：F126.1[经济管理—世界经济]