消费端食品废弃物的饲料化利用现状与挑战  

Current Situation and Challenge of Feed Utilization of Food Waste at the Consumption End

作　　者：陈婷[1,2] 王祎凡 窦争霞 CHEN Ting;WANG Yifan;DOU Zhengxia(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310018;Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310018;School of Veterinary Medicine,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19348)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学环境科学与工程学院,浙江杭州310018 [2]浙江省固体废物处理与资源化重点实验室,浙江杭州310018 [3]宾夕法尼亚大学兽医学院,美国宾夕法尼亚州19348

出　　处：《环境卫生工程》2021年第2期35-45,共11页Environmental Sanitation Engineering

摘　　要：现代食品消费系统存在大量的食品浪费,例如市场上的不可售食品,饭店、自助餐厅和家庭等丢弃的可食用或不可食用食品。尽管这些食品废弃物已不适合人类消费,但仍包含各种营养成分。回收和再利用这些营养成分对于保障粮食安全和社会可持续发展至关重要。牲畜独特的消化功能可有效地捕获这些营养成分,并转化成肉、蛋、奶等动物源性食品供人类消费。因此,食物废弃物的饲料化利用是提高粮食系统效率和可持续性的可行路径,并在欧盟、美国和部分亚洲国家/地区进行了有效的探索。概述了这些国家/地区的消费端食品废物饲料化利用进展,发现他们虽然在食品废弃物饲料化利用的政策、优先级和具体做法上有所不同,但是消费端食品废弃物的饲料化利用已作为一种资源和环境双赢的管理策略得到了不同程度的推广。在这一推广历程中,尚存在产品安全性担忧、精细化饲喂体系融合、全过程监管难、消费者接受度不高等诸多挑战。而现有实践业已在这些方面积累了一定的经验,如保障生物安全性、避免化学污染等。总之,消费端食品废弃物的饲料化利用潜力巨大。以我国为例,仅餐饮垃圾的蛋白饲料回收潜力即可替代约5.2×106 t玉米谷物饲料。The modern food consumption system has a large amount of food waste,such as unsaleable food in the market,edible or unedible food thrown away in restaurants,cafeterias and homes.Although the food waste is no longer suitable for human consumption,it still contains a variety of nutrients.Recycling and reusing these nutrients is essential for food security and sustainable social development.The unique digestive function of livestock can effectively capture these nutrients and turn them into animal-derived foods such asmeat,eggs and milk for human consumption.Therefore,the feed utilization of food waste is a feasible way to improve the efficiency and sustainability of the food system,and has been effectively explored in the European Union,the United States and some Asian countries and regions.The development of feed utilization of food waste at the consumption end in these countries and regions was summarized,which found that although they had different policies,priorities and specific practices on the fodder utilization of food waste,the fodder utilization of food waste at the consumer end has been promoted as a resource and environment win-win management strategy,and has been popularized to different degrees.In this process of promotion,there were still many challenges,such as product safety concerns,integration of refined feeding system,difficulty in whole-process supervision,and low acceptance of consumers.But the existed practice has accumulated certain experience in these aspects,such as ensuring biological safety,avoiding chemical pollution,etc.In short,the fodder utilization potential of food waste at the consumption end is huge.Taking China as an example,the protein feed recovery potential of catering waste alone could replace about 5.2×106 t corn grain feed.

关 键 词：消费端食品废弃物 饲料化利用 精细化饲喂体系 安全性 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]