地裂缝分类及地面沉降区构造地裂缝防治对策  

Classification of Ground Fissures and Prevention Measures of Tectonic Ground Fissures in Land Subsidence Area

作　　者：卢全中[1,2,3] 李聪 刘聪 占洁伟[1,2,3] LU Quan-zhong;LI Cong;LIU Cong;ZHAN Jie-wei(School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Key Laboratory of Western China's Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering of Ministry of Education,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Ground Fissure and Land Subsidence in Xi'an of Shaanxi,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xi'an 710054,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,陕西西安710054 [2]长安大学西部矿产资源与地质工程教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [3]自然资源部陕西西安地裂缝与地面沉降野外科学观测研究站,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《地球科学与环境学报》2021年第2期366-375,共10页Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41877250);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20160264);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(300102260401,300102268206,300102260402)。

摘　　要：地裂缝类型多样,灾害严重。根据主导因素及动力类型,将地裂缝分为构造地裂缝和非构造地裂缝两大类和16个类别;基于地裂缝的工程地质特征、水文地质特征和活动特征,认为地面沉降区构造地裂缝发生超常活动的本质原因是地裂缝错断了含水层,在过量抽取地下水时地裂缝两侧形成明显的水头差,产生不均匀压缩,从而导致地表发生较大的差异沉降;提出了采用定向钻井打通被错断含水层以实现地裂缝两侧水位自然平衡的地面沉降区构造地裂缝防控方法——通水调压控裂法(CABHP),该方法可以有效控制地面沉降区的构造地裂缝活动,避免大量土地资源浪费和灾害损失。Ground fissures are of various types and cause serious disasters.According to the dominant factors and dynamic types,ground fissures are divided into two major categories(tectonic and non-tectonic)and 16 sub-categories.Based on the engineering geology,hydrogeology and activity characteristics of ground fissures,it is considered that the essential reason for the abnormal activity of tectonic ground fissures in land subsidence area is that ground fissures cut off the aquifer.Specifically,when excessive groundwater is extracted,obvious water head difference is formed on both sides of ground fissure and uneven compression is produced,which leads to large differential settlement on the surface.Therefore,the prevention and control method of CABHP for tectonic ground fissures in land subsidence area is put forward,which uses directional drilling to connect the miscut aquifer and balance the hydraulic pressure on both sides of ground fissure.The CABHP method can effectively control the activities of tectonic ground fissures in land subsidence area,and avoid a large amount of waste of land resources and disaster losses.

关 键 词：地裂缝 地面沉降 分类 防治 通水调压控裂法 定向钻井 差异沉降 含水层 

分 类 号：P642.26[天文地球—工程地质学]